Piskorz Joanna, Czub Marcin
Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Jan;23(1). doi: 10.1111/jspn.12201. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
Virtual reality (VR) technology is an effective tool in treatment of acute pain. Numerous studies show the effectiveness of this method both in a clinical context and in the laboratory. However, research results on the effectiveness of VR in pediatric venipuncture pain is not conclusive-not all studies report the analgesic effect of VR. In addition to testing effectiveness of VR, we also assess the usability of a novel hands-free interface.
Patients of paediatric nephrology clinic (N = 38; mean age 11 years, range 7-17) participated in a posttest only between group quasi-experimental study. Participants in the treatment group received the venipuncture procedure with VR distraction. They were wearing a head-mounted Oculus DK2 HMD, and playing a game designed by the authors of the study. The game was based on Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task, where players have to remember and simultaneously track several moving targets. MOT has been used in many studies on attention and working memory. Participants rated their pain and stress intensity on visual analogue scales (VAS) on a scale of 0 to 100 and answered a short questionnaire.
The VR group reported significantly lower pain intensity than the controls (mean = 15.16 ± 20.51 vs. 37.05 ± 30.66; t = 2.59, df = 36, p < .02, d = 0.863). Similar results were obtained for stress level (11.16 ±18.58 vs 41.89 ± 40.89; t = 2.98, df = 36, p < .01, d = 0.993). There were no correlations with age.
VR can be as an effective tool to minimize pediatric pain and stress due to venipuncture. The MOT-based VR game was suitable for children at the studied age range. This solution can be easily applied by nurses in their clinical practice.
虚拟现实（VR）技术是治疗急性疼痛的有效工具。众多研究表明该方法在临床环境和实验室中均有效。然而，关于VR在儿科静脉穿刺疼痛治疗效果的研究结果并不确凿——并非所有研究都报告了VR的镇痛效果。除了测试VR的有效性外，我们还评估了一种新型免提界面的可用性。
儿科肾病诊所的患者（N = 38；平均年龄11岁，范围7 - 17岁）仅参与了组间准实验性的后测研究。治疗组的参与者在接受静脉穿刺时使用VR分散注意力。他们佩戴头戴式Oculus DK2头显，并玩由该研究作者设计的游戏。该游戏基于多目标跟踪（MOT）任务，玩家必须记住并同时跟踪多个移动目标。MOT已在许多关于注意力和工作记忆的研究中使用。参与者在0至100的视觉模拟量表（VAS）上对他们的疼痛和压力强度进行评分，并回答一份简短问卷。
VR组报告的疼痛强度明显低于对照组（均值 = 15.16 ± 20.51对37.05 ± 30.66；t = 2.59，自由度 = 36，p <.02，d = 0.863）。压力水平也得到了类似结果（11.16 ± 18.58对41.89 ± 40.89；t = 2.98，自由度 = 36，p <.01，d = 0.993）。与年龄无相关性。
VR可作为一种有效工具，将儿科静脉穿刺引起的疼痛和压力降至最低。基于MOT的VR游戏适用于所研究年龄范围的儿童。这种解决方案护士在临床实践中可轻松应用。
