Fitschen-Oestern Stefanie, Lippross Sebastian, Klueter Tim, Weuster Matthias, Varoga Deike, Tohidnezhad Mersedeh, Pufe Thomas, Rose-John Stefan, Andruszkow Hagen, Hildebrand Frank, Steubesand Nadine, Seekamp Andreas, Neunaber Claudia
Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Nov 21;18(1):468. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1813-9.
Blunt trauma is the most frequent mechanism of injury in multiple trauma, commonly resulting from road traffic collisions or falls. Two of the most frequent injuries in patients with multiple trauma are chest trauma and extremity fracture. Several trauma mouse models combine chest trauma and head injury, but no trauma mouse model to date includes the combination of long bone fractures and chest trauma. Outcome is essentially determined by the combination of these injuries. In this study, we attempted to establish a reproducible novel multiple trauma model in mice that combines blunt trauma, major injuries and simple practicability.
Ninety-six male C57BL/6 N mice (n = 8/group) were subjected to trauma for isolated femur fracture and a combination of femur fracture and chest injury. Serum samples of mice were obtained by heart puncture at defined time points of 0 h (hour), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d (days), and 7 d.
A tendency toward reduced weight and temperature was observed at 24 h after chest trauma and femur fracture. Blood analyses revealed a decrease in hemoglobin during the first 24 h after trauma. Some animals were killed by heart puncture immediately after chest contusion; these animals showed the most severe lung contusion and hemorrhage. The extent of structural lung injury varied in different mice but was evident in all animals. Representative H&E-stained (Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained) paraffin lung sections of mice with multiple trauma revealed hemorrhage and an inflammatory immune response. Plasma samples of mice with chest trauma and femur fracture showed an up-regulation of IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor- α) compared with the control group. Mice with femur fracture and chest trauma showed a significant up-regulation of IL-6 compared to group with isolated femur fracture.
The multiple trauma mouse model comprising chest trauma and femur fracture enables many analogies to clinical cases of multiple trauma in humans and demonstrates associated characteristic clinical and pathophysiological changes. This model is easy to perform, is economical and can be used for further research examining specific immunological questions.
钝性创伤是多发伤中最常见的损伤机制，通常由道路交通事故或跌倒所致。多发伤患者中最常见的两种损伤是胸部创伤和四肢骨折。几种创伤小鼠模型将胸部创伤和头部损伤结合在一起，但迄今为止，尚无创伤小鼠模型包含长骨骨折和胸部创伤的组合。结果基本上由这些损伤的组合决定。在本研究中，我们试图在小鼠中建立一种可重复的新型多发伤模型，该模型结合了钝性创伤、严重损伤和简单实用性。
96只雄性C57BL/6 N小鼠（n = 8/组）接受单独股骨骨折以及股骨骨折与胸部损伤组合的创伤。在0小时、6小时、12小时、24小时、3天和7天的特定时间点通过心脏穿刺获取小鼠的血清样本。
胸部创伤和股骨骨折后24小时观察到体重和体温有下降趋势。血液分析显示创伤后最初24小时内血红蛋白降低。一些动物在胸部挫伤后立即因心脏穿刺死亡；这些动物表现出最严重的肺挫伤和出血。不同小鼠的肺结构损伤程度各不相同，但在所有动物中均很明显。多发伤小鼠的代表性苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色石蜡肺切片显示出血和炎症免疫反应。与对照组相比，胸部创伤和股骨骨折小鼠的血浆样本显示白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12p70和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）上调。与单独股骨骨折组相比，股骨骨折和胸部创伤小鼠的IL-6显著上调。
包含胸部创伤和股骨骨折的多发伤小鼠模型与人类多发伤临床病例有许多相似之处，并显示出相关的特征性临床和病理生理变化。该模型操作简便、经济，可用于进一步研究特定的免疫学问题。
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