Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA.
Injury. 2020 Jul;51(7):1439-1447. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.011. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
Complications related to treatment of long bone fractures still stand as a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Elucidation of the mechanisms of bone healing and development, and the subsequent alteration of these mechanisms to improve outcomes, typically requires animal models as an intermediary between in vitro and human clinical studies. Murine models are some of the most commonly used in translational research, and mouse fracture models are particularly diverse, offering a wide variety of customization with distinct benefits and limitations depending on the study. This review critically examines three common femur fracture models in the mouse, namely cortical hole, 3-point fracture (Einhorn), and segmental bone defect. We lay out the general procedure for execution of each model, evaluate the practical implications and important advantages/disadvantages of each and describe recent innovations. Furthermore, we explore the applications that each model is best adapted for in the context of the current state of murine orthopaedic research.
与长骨骨折治疗相关的并发症仍然是骨科医生面临的主要挑战。阐明骨愈合和发育的机制，以及随后改变这些机制以改善结果，通常需要动物模型作为体外和人体临床研究之间的中介。在转化研究中，鼠类模型是最常用的模型之一，而小鼠骨折模型则特别多样化，根据研究的不同，提供了广泛的定制化选择，并具有不同的优缺点。本文批判性地研究了小鼠中三种常见的股骨骨折模型，即皮质孔、三点骨折（Einhorn）和骨段缺损。我们阐述了执行每种模型的一般程序，评估了每种模型的实际意义和重要优缺点，并描述了最近的创新。此外，我们还探讨了在当前小鼠骨科研究的背景下，每种模型最适合的应用。
