University of California,Davis.
Newcastle University.
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Dec;29(5):1839-1849. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417001432.
A wealth of evidence documents associations between various aspects of the rearing environment and later development. Two evolutionary-inspired models advance explanations for why and how such early experiences shape later functioning: (a) the external-prediction model, which highlights the role of the early environment (e.g., parenting) in regulating children's development, and (b) the internal-prediction model, which emphasizes internal state (i.e., health) as the critical regulator. Thus, by using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the current project draws from both models by investigating whether the effect of the early environment on later adolescent functioning is subject to an indirect effect by internal-health variables. Results showed a significant indirect effect of internal health on the relation between the early environment and adolescent behavior. Specifically, early environmental adversity during the first 5 years of life predicted lower quality health during childhood, which then led to problematic adolescent functioning and earlier age of menarche for girls. In addition, for girls, early adversity predicted lower quality health that forecasted earlier age of menarche leading to increased adolescent risk taking. The discussion highlights the importance of integrating both internal and external models to further understand the developmental processes that effect adolescent behavior.
大量证据证明了养育环境的各个方面与后期发展之间存在关联。两种受进化启发的模型为为什么以及如何解释早期经验会塑造后期功能提供了解释：（a）外部预测模型，强调早期环境（例如，育儿）在调节儿童发展中的作用；（b）内部预测模型，强调内部状态（即健康）是关键调节因素。因此，通过使用 NICHD 早期儿童保育和青年发展研究的数据，当前项目通过调查早期环境对后期青少年功能的影响是否受到内部健康变量的间接影响，同时借鉴了这两种模型。结果显示，内部健康对早期环境与青少年行为之间关系的间接影响显著。具体而言，生命的头 5 年中早期环境的逆境预测了儿童时期较低的健康质量，进而导致青少年行为出现问题，女孩初潮年龄更早。此外，对于女孩来说，早期逆境预测了较低的健康质量，预示着初潮年龄更早，从而导致青少年冒险行为增加。讨论强调了整合内部和外部模型以进一步了解影响青少年行为的发展过程的重要性。
