Department of Drug Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Food Funct. 2017 Dec 13;8(12):4713-4722. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01363a.
Nowadays, agro-food by-products represent a potential low-cost source of biologically active ingredients which have been paid significant attention as nutraceuticals, medicine, food and cosmetics. In a previous study we evaluated the total sugars, metals and polyphenols of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) from a Cerasuola olive cultivar. In the present work we selectively recovered a sugar and mineral enriched fraction (SMEF) from Cerasuola OMWW by a green adsorption/desorption process. The SMEF was mainly found to be composed of monosaccharides and potassium by HPLC-ELSD and ICP-MS. The in vitro cytotoxicity on human fibroblasts, at different concentrations of the fraction, was investigated by MTT and comet assays. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis and cell morphological changes were examined. The physical stability of a formulation containing the SMEF (1% w/w) and its in vivo skin effects were also assessed.Our results highlighted that the SMEF showed a toxic effect at higher concentrations (i.e. cell viability reduction, DNA fragmentation and morphological alterations) well correlated with high ROS levels. Conversely, at low concentrations (0.5% and 1% w/w), no significant changes were observed. For the first time, through stability studies and in vivo tests, we also demonstrated that the SMEF formulation is stable and safe for topical application, since skin hydration improvement without negative effects was observed after 7 days of its use. Therefore, the SMEF has great potential to be used for cosmeceutical applications.
如今，农业食品副产物代表了一种潜在的低成本生物活性成分来源，这些成分已作为营养保健品、药物、食品和化妆品受到了广泛关注。在之前的研究中，我们评估了一种用卡拉索利（Cerasuola）橄榄品种生产的橄榄油厂废水（OMWW）中的总糖、金属和多酚。在本研究中，我们采用绿色吸附/解吸工艺，从卡拉索利橄榄油厂废水中选择性地回收了富含糖和矿物质的部分（SMEF）。通过 HPLC-ELSD 和 ICP-MS 分析，发现 SMEF 主要由单糖和钾组成。通过 MTT 和彗星试验，在不同浓度的 SMEF 下，我们检测了 SMEF 对人成纤维细胞的体外细胞毒性。此外，还检测了细胞内活性氧（ROS）的产生、细胞凋亡和细胞形态变化。我们还评估了含有 SMEF（1%w/w）的制剂的物理稳定性及其在体内的皮肤作用。我们的研究结果表明，SMEF 在较高浓度（即细胞活力降低、DNA 片段化和形态改变）下表现出毒性作用，这与高水平的 ROS 密切相关。相反，在低浓度（0.5%和 1%w/w）下，没有观察到明显的变化。我们首次通过稳定性研究和体内试验证明，SMEF 制剂在局部应用中是稳定和安全的，因为在使用 7 天后，观察到皮肤保湿效果改善，没有副作用。因此，SMEF 具有在化妆品应用中的巨大潜力。
