Khoudja Yassine, Platt Lucinda
Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom.
Soc Sci Res. 2018 Jan;69:1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
Labour force participation rates of women differ strongly by ethnic origin. Even though existing research using cross-sectional studies has demonstrated that part of these differences can be attributed to compositional differences in human capital, household conditions and gender attitudes, residual 'ethnic effects' typically remain. To further our understanding of women's labour market behaviour across ethnic groups, we use a large-scale longitudinal study and apply a dynamic perspective to examine how far relevant life-course events in addition to individual characteristics, gender attitudes and religiosity contribute to the explanation of ethnic differences in women's labour force entries and exits in the UK. Our findings show that, adjusting for all these factors, Indian and Caribbean women do not differ from White majority women in their labour force entry and exit probabilities but that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are less likely to enter and more likely to exit the labour market, whereas Black African women have higher entry rates. We also find that relations between life-course events and labour market transitions differ by ethnic group. Most notably, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women's labour market transitions are less sensitive to child-bearing and Caribbean women's transitions less sensitive to partnership changes than other women's.
不同族裔出身的女性劳动力参与率差异很大。尽管现有利用横断面研究的研究表明，这些差异部分可归因于人力资本、家庭状况和性别态度的构成差异，但残余的“族裔效应”通常依然存在。为了进一步理解不同族裔女性的劳动力市场行为，我们采用了一项大规模纵向研究，并运用动态视角来考察除个人特征、性别态度和宗教信仰外，相关的人生历程事件在多大程度上有助于解释英国女性劳动力进出方面的族裔差异。我们的研究结果表明，在对所有这些因素进行调整后，印度裔和加勒比裔女性在劳动力进出概率上与白人多数群体女性并无差异，但巴基斯坦裔和孟加拉裔女性进入劳动力市场的可能性较小，退出劳动力市场的可能性较大，而非洲裔黑人女性的进入率较高。我们还发现，人生历程事件与劳动力市场转变之间的关系因族裔而异。最显著的是，与其他女性相比，巴基斯坦裔和孟加拉裔女性的劳动力市场转变对生育的敏感度较低，而加勒比裔女性的转变对伴侣关系变化的敏感度较低。
