University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA..
University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2018 Feb;85:105-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Changes in cravings to drink alcohol and alcohol use behaviors were examined among 337 patients who were administered extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) in conjunction with psychosocial treatment in community-based substance use disorder treatment programs. Cravings and use behaviors were assessed at multiple time points (baseline; weeks 1, 2, and 3 after the first dose; monthly after the first four assessments; and at 30- and 60-days after the last dose). A total of 863 doses (M=2.6, SD=1.8) were administered and the majority of patients (65%) took more than one dose. Alcohol craving scores decreased from 19 to 5.7 after the first dose of XR-NTX. Days of primary alcohol use at admission (M=10.5, SD=10.1) were reduced at discharge (M=to 1.2, SD=4.6). At the first follow-up, 79.8% reported no alcohol use and 77.8% reported no alcohol use at the second follow-up. The expected side effects were reported but the medication was well tolerated and there was no relationship between side effects and subsequent dose. Unexamined or unaccounted for variables (e.g., motivation, external pressures to remain in treatment) are "real world" consequences that may have impacted the outcome of this study. Results indicated that use of the antagonist medication XR-NTX may be related to significant decreases in alcohol craving and use while a patient is in treatment, as well as at 30- and 60-days after the final dose.
在社区为基础的物质使用障碍治疗项目中，337 名患者接受了延长释放型纳曲酮（XR-NTX）与心理社会治疗联合治疗，研究人员观察了这些患者对饮酒的渴望变化和饮酒行为变化。在多个时间点（基线；首次服药后第 1、2 和 3 周；首次 4 次评估后的每月；末次服药后 30 和 60 天）评估了渴望和使用行为。共管理了 863 个剂量（M=2.6，SD=1.8），大多数患者（65%）服用了不止一剂。在服用 XR-NTX 的第一剂后，酒精渴望评分从 19 分降至 5.7 分。入院时的主要饮酒天数（M=10.5，SD=10.1）在出院时（M=1.2，SD=4.6）减少。在第一次随访时，79.8%的患者报告没有饮酒，在第二次随访时，77.8%的患者报告没有饮酒。报告了预期的副作用，但药物耐受性良好，副作用与随后的剂量之间没有关系。未检查或未说明的变量（例如，动机、留在治疗中的外部压力）是“现实世界”的后果，可能影响了这项研究的结果。结果表明，在治疗期间以及末次服药后 30 和 60 天，拮抗剂药物 XR-NTX 的使用可能与酒精渴望和使用的显著减少有关。
