Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Room 1410, Montréal QC H3A 1G1, Canada.
Appetite. 2018 Feb 1;121:302-308. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.104. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
Dietary restraint is a robust risk factor for binge eating and eating disorders, which may partially result from increased reward reactivity to food in individuals who attempt to diet. However, research examining the association between dietary restraint and reactivity to food cues is mixed. Mixed findings may reflect distinct relations between food cue reactivity and different dimensions of dietary behavior; attempts to diet (cognitive restraint) may be associated with increased positive evaluations of food, whereas actual reduction in food intake (dietary restriction) may be achieved through decreased reactivity to food cues. The aim of the current study was to examine whether cognitive restraint and dietary restriction, as assessed via subscales on a recently developed multidimensional measure of eating pathology (i.e., Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory [EPSI]), are differentially associated with emotional evaluations of high- and low-calorie food. Female participants (N = 203) viewed 12 high-calorie (i.e., sweet, savory) and 12 low-calorie (i.e., fruits, vegetables) food images, as well as 36 standard emotional images. Images were rated on the dimensions of valence, arousal, and craving using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Cognitive restraint was correlated with greater pleasure and craving ratings of low-calorie, but not high-calorie, foods. In contrast, dietary restriction was related to reduced pleasure and craving ratings for both high- and low-calorie foods. Findings suggest that cognitive restraint may be associated with a preference for low-calorie foods; whereas dietary restriction may relate to reduced sensitivity to the hedonic and motivational value of food, regardless of caloric content. Results also provide support for the distinction between cognitive restraint and dietary restriction, as assessed via the EPSI.
饮食克制是暴食和饮食失调的一个强有力的风险因素，这可能部分是由于试图节食的个体对食物的奖励反应增强所致。然而，研究饮食克制与食物线索反应之间的关系的结果喜忧参半。混杂的结果可能反映了食物线索反应与不同饮食行为维度之间的不同关系；试图节食（认知克制）可能与对食物的积极评价增加有关，而实际减少食物摄入（饮食限制）可能是通过降低对食物线索的反应来实现的。本研究旨在探讨通过最近开发的多维饮食病理学测量工具（即饮食病理学症状量表 [EPSI]）的子量表评估的认知克制和饮食限制是否与高卡路里和低卡路里食物的情绪评价有差异。女性参与者（N=203）观看了 12 种高卡路里（即甜食、咸味）和 12 种低卡路里（即水果、蔬菜）的食物图像，以及 36 种标准情绪图像。使用自我评估情绪图对图像的效价、唤醒和渴望维度进行评分。认知克制与低卡路里食物的愉悦和渴望评分更高相关，而与高卡路里食物无关。相反，饮食限制与高卡路里和低卡路里食物的愉悦和渴望评分降低有关。研究结果表明，认知克制可能与对低卡路里食物的偏好有关；而饮食限制可能与对食物的享乐和动机价值的敏感性降低有关，而与卡路里含量无关。研究结果还为通过 EPSI 评估的认知克制和饮食限制之间的区别提供了支持。
