Talk Andrew, Antón-Méndez Inés, Pennefather Bronte
Discipline of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive, and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
Discipline of Linguistics, School of Behavioural, Cognitive, and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 27;12(11):e0188727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188727. eCollection 2017.
During source memory studies, knowledge of some detail about the context of a previously experienced item or event is tested. Here, participants attended to different objects presented at different quadrants on a screen. In a later test phase, a single object was presented in all four quadrants, and participants verbally reported whether the object was new or previously seen (item recognition), and if it was previously seen, they indicated the original screen location (source memory). We combined this test with eye-tracking to determine whether attention to an object during encoding would correlate with later recognition of the object and memory of its source location, and whether eye movements at test can reveal attention to the correct source location in the absence of correct explicit verbal responses. The amount of time spent looking at an object during encoding was not related to later object recognition or source recollection. However, we found that eye movements at test reveal retention of source information about an object in the absence of accurate retrieval of source information as assessed by verbal response. When participants correctly recognized an object but incorrectly indicated the source information, significantly more time was spent looking at the correct source location than to incorrect, non-selected locations. Moreover, when participants correctly recognized an object but said they could not remember the source information, significantly more time was spent looking at the correct source location. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that eye movements are sensitive to attention or other graded mental processes which can underlie the retrieval of source memories that can then be expressed verbally in a thresholded manner.
在源记忆研究中，会测试对先前经历的物品或事件背景的某些细节的了解。在这里，参与者关注屏幕上不同象限呈现的不同物体。在随后的测试阶段，在所有四个象限中呈现单个物体，参与者口头报告该物体是新出现的还是之前见过的（项目识别），如果是之前见过的，他们要指出其在原始屏幕上的位置（源记忆）。我们将此测试与眼动追踪相结合，以确定编码过程中对物体的关注是否与随后对该物体的识别及其源位置的记忆相关，以及测试时的眼动是否能在没有正确明确的口头反应的情况下揭示对正确源位置的关注。编码期间注视物体的时间长短与随后的物体识别或源回忆无关。然而，我们发现，测试时的眼动揭示了在通过口头反应评估的源信息没有准确检索的情况下，关于物体的源信息的保留。当参与者正确识别一个物体但错误地指出源信息时，注视正确源位置的时间明显多于注视错误的、未选择的位置的时间。此外，当参与者正确识别一个物体但表示他们不记得源信息时，注视正确源位置的时间也明显更多。这些结果与以下假设一致：眼动对注意力或其他分级心理过程敏感，这些过程可以作为源记忆检索的基础，然后可以以阈值方式用语言表达出来。
