Baehner R L, Bernstein I D, Sather H, Higgins G, McCreadie S, Chard R L, Hammond D
Med Pediatr Oncol. 1979;7(2):127-39. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950070206.
In 163 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), a D-ZAPO induction program consisting of daunomycin, 5-azacytidine, cytosine arabinoside, prednisone, and vincristine resulted in a remission rate of 71.8%. Immunologic therapy was employed during maintenance with the aim of prolonging remission and improving survival. The administration of immunotherapy consisting of a mixture of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and allogenic acute myelomonocytic leukemic cells injected intradermally on day 14 of each of the first three monthly cycles of 6-thioguanine for ten days, 5-azacytidine and cytosine arabinoside for four days, and vincristine for one day did not improve remission duration or survival compared to that due to chemotherapy alone. Important prognostic factors identified in this study included a remission induction rate significantly better for females than males (P = 0.04), for children between the ages of 5 and 10 years compared to those greater than this age group (P = 0.01), and a prolonged remission duration (P = 0.04), and survival (P less than 0.01) for patients with initial white blood counts of less than 20 x 10(9)/liter.
在163例急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）患儿中，由柔红霉素、5-氮杂胞苷、阿糖胞苷、泼尼松和长春新碱组成的D-ZAPO诱导方案缓解率为71.8%。维持治疗期间采用免疫疗法，目的是延长缓解期并提高生存率。在前三个每月周期的第14天，皮内注射由卡介苗（BCG）和同种异体急性粒单核细胞白血病细胞组成的混合物进行免疫治疗，持续十天（6-硫鸟嘌呤）、四天（5-氮杂胞苷和阿糖胞苷）和一天（长春新碱），与单纯化疗相比，并未改善缓解期或生存率。本研究确定的重要预后因素包括：女性的缓解诱导率显著高于男性（P = 0.04）；5至10岁儿童的缓解诱导率高于该年龄组以上的儿童（P = 0.01）；初始白细胞计数低于20×10⁹/升的患者缓解期延长（P = 0.04）且生存率提高（P＜0.01）。
