Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science , Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Dec 20;9(50):43724-43732. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b14850. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
Mesoporous titania is a cheap and widely used material for photovoltaic applications. To enable a large-scale fabrication and a controllable pore size, we combined a block copolymer-assisted sol-gel route with spray coating to fabricate titania films, in which the block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) is used as a structure-directing template. Both the macroscale and nanoscale are studied. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the spray deposition processes are simulated on a macroscale, which shows a good agreement with the large-scale morphology of the spray-coated films obtained in practice. On the nanoscale, the structure evolution of the titania films is probed with in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) during the spray process. The changes of the PS domain size depend not only on micellization but also on solvent evaporation during the spray coating. Perovskite (CHNHPbI) solar cells (PSCs) based on sprayed titania film are fabricated, which showcases the suitability of spray-deposited titania films for PSCs.
介孔二氧化钛是一种廉价且广泛应用于光伏领域的材料。为了实现大规模制备和可控的孔径，我们将嵌段共聚物辅助的溶胶-凝胶法与喷涂技术相结合，制备了二氧化钛薄膜，其中嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-嵌段-聚（氧化乙烯）（PS-b-PEO）被用作结构导向模板。对薄膜的宏观和纳米尺度进行了研究。在宏观尺度上对喷涂沉积过程的动力学和热力学进行了模拟，模拟结果与实际获得的喷涂薄膜的大尺度形貌吻合较好。在纳米尺度上，通过原位掠入射小角 X 射线散射（GISAXS）在喷涂过程中探测了二氧化钛薄膜的结构演变。PS 畴尺寸的变化不仅取决于胶束化，还取决于喷涂过程中的溶剂蒸发。基于喷涂二氧化钛薄膜制备了钙钛矿（CHNHPbI）太阳能电池（PSCs），展示了喷涂二氧化钛薄膜在 PSCs 中的适用性。
