Maule A G, Tripp R A, Kaattari S L, Schreck C B
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
J Endocrinol. 1989 Jan;120(1):135-42. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1200135.
We examined the effects of acute stress on the immune system and disease resistance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in laboratory and clinical trials. Immune function, as measured by the ability of lymphocytes from the anterior kidney to generate specific antibody-producing cells (APC) in vitro, was depressed 4 h after stress, when plasma cortisol levels were highest. At the same time, resistance to the fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, was also depressed. Compared with controls, plasma cortisol and APC of stressed fish were unchanged after 24 h, and disease resistance was enhanced as evidenced by higher survival rate and longer mean time to death of mortalities. After 7 days, even though numbers of APC were depressed, plasma cortisol concentration and disease resistance did not differ from controls. This pattern was generally the same, independent of the type of stress applied: i.e. being held out of water in a dipnet for 30 s, manipulation during hatchery operations for 4 h, or transportation for 9 h. These and earlier findings suggest that similar endocrine-immune interactions operate in the mammalian and salmonid systems during acute stress.
我们在实验室和临床试验中研究了急性应激对幼年奇努克鲑（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）免疫系统和抗病能力的影响。以前肾淋巴细胞在体外产生特异性抗体产生细胞（APC）的能力来衡量，免疫功能在应激后4小时下降，此时血浆皮质醇水平最高。同时，对鱼类病原体鳗弧菌的抵抗力也下降。与对照组相比，应激鱼的血浆皮质醇和APC在24小时后没有变化，抗病能力增强，表现为存活率更高和死亡平均时间更长。7天后，尽管APC数量下降，但血浆皮质醇浓度和抗病能力与对照组没有差异。这种模式总体上是相同的，与所施加的应激类型无关：即在抄网中离水30秒、在孵化场操作中操作4小时或运输9小时。这些以及早期的研究结果表明，在急性应激期间，哺乳动物和鲑科动物系统中存在类似的内分泌-免疫相互作用。
