Ciofi Degli Atti M L, Filia A, Revello M G, Buffolano W, Salmaso S
Reparto Malattie Infettive, Centro di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva.
Euro Surveill. 2004 Apr;9(4):17-18. doi: 10.2807/esm.09.04.00462-en.
In Italy, rubella vaccination has been recommended since 1972 for pre-adolescent girls, and since the early 1990s for all children in the second year of life. Nevertheless, coverage in children from 12 to 24 months of age is suboptimal (i.e., 56% in 1998, 78% in 2003), with wide variations among regions. As a result, rubella is still circulating in Italy, and in 1996 the percentage of women susceptible to rubella between 15 and 39 years of age was >5%. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was a notifiable disease between 1987 and 1991, with a range of 8-76 cases reported annually. Since 1992, national incidence data are no longer available, but local reports show that CRS cases are still occurring. Nationwide, coordinated and uniform actions are needed to control CRS effectively. For this reason, the National Plan for the Elimination of Measles and of Congenital Rubella has recently been launched. This plan includes strategies aimed at increasing MMR vaccination coverage in children and specific control measures for congenital rubella control, i.e., improving the vaccination of susceptible women of childbearing age, and reintroducing national surveillance of CRS.
在意大利，自1972年起就建议对青春期前女孩接种风疹疫苗，自20世纪90年代初起建议对所有满周岁儿童接种。然而，12至24个月龄儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率并不理想（即1998年为56%，2003年为78%），各地区之间差异很大。因此，风疹仍在意大利传播，1996年15至39岁易感染风疹的女性比例超过5%。1987年至1991年期间，先天性风疹综合征（CRS）为须上报的疾病，每年报告病例数在8至76例之间。自1992年以来，不再有全国性发病数据，但地方报告显示仍有CRS病例发生。在全国范围内，需要采取协调一致的统一行动来有效控制CRS。因此，最近启动了消除麻疹和先天性风疹国家计划。该计划包括旨在提高儿童麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹（MMR）疫苗接种覆盖率的策略以及先天性风疹控制的具体控制措施，即改善育龄易感妇女的疫苗接种情况，并重新开展全国性CRS监测。
