Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A, van Loock F, Hendriks J, Werner A, Maidhof H, Gouvras G
Task Force on Biological and Chemical Agent Threats, Public Health Directorate, European Commission, Luxembourg.
Euro Surveill. 2004 Dec;9(12):29-30. doi: 10.2807/esm.09.12.00504-en.
Haemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are a diverse group of viruses that cause a clinical disease associated with fever and bleeding disorder. HFVs that are associated with a potential biological threat are Ebola and Marburg viruses (Filoviridae), Lassa fever and New World arenaviruses (Machupo, Junin, Guanarito and Sabia viruses) (Arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (Bunyaviridae) and yellow fever, Omsk haemorrhagic fever, and Kyanasur Forest disease (Flaviviridae). In terms of biological warfare concerning dengue, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Hantaviruses, there is not sufficient knowledge to include them as a major biological threat. Dengue virus is the only one of these that cannot be transmitted via aerosol. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and the agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome appear difficult to weaponise. Ribavirin is recommended for the treatment and the prophylaxis of the arenaviruses and the bunyaviruses, but is not effective for the other families. All patients must be isolated and receive intensive supportive therapy.
出血热病毒（HFVs）是一类多样的病毒，可引发与发热和出血性病症相关的临床疾病。与潜在生物威胁相关的出血热病毒有埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒（丝状病毒科）、拉沙热病毒以及新大陆沙粒病毒（马丘波病毒、胡宁病毒、瓜纳里托病毒和赛比亚病毒）（沙粒病毒科）、裂谷热病毒（布尼亚病毒科）以及黄热病病毒、鄂木斯克出血热病毒和基孔肯雅森林病病毒（黄病毒科）。就登革热、克里米亚-刚果出血热和汉坦病毒的生物战而言，尚无足够知识将它们列为主要生物威胁。登革热病毒是其中唯一不能通过气溶胶传播的病毒。克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒以及肾综合征出血热的病原体似乎难以制成武器。利巴韦林被推荐用于治疗和预防沙粒病毒科和布尼亚病毒科病毒感染，但对其他病毒科无效。所有患者都必须隔离并接受强化支持治疗。
