Coen Enrico, Kennaway Richard, Whitewoods Christopher
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Development. 2017 Dec 1;144(23):4203-4213. doi: 10.1242/dev.151910.
The mechanisms by which organisms acquire their sizes and shapes through growth was a major focus of D'Arcy Thompson's book By applying mathematical and physical principles to a range of biological forms, Thompson achieved fresh insights, such as the notion that diverse biological shapes could be related through simple deformations of a coordinate system. However, Thompson considered genetics to lie outside the scope of his work, even though genetics was a growing discipline at the time the book was published. Here, we review how recent advances in cell, developmental, evolutionary and computational biology allow Thompson's ideas to be integrated with genes and the processes they influence to provide a deeper understanding of growth and morphogenesis. We consider how genes interact with subcellular-, cellular- and tissue-level processes in plants to yield patterns of growth that underlie the developmental and evolutionary shape transformations Thompson so eloquently described.
生物体通过生长来获得其大小和形状的机制是达西·汤普森的著作的一个主要关注点。通过将数学和物理原理应用于一系列生物形态,汤普森获得了新的见解,比如不同生物形态可以通过坐标系的简单变形联系起来这一概念。然而,汤普森认为遗传学不在他的研究范围内,尽管在这本书出版时遗传学已是一门不断发展的学科。在这里,我们回顾细胞生物学、发育生物学、进化生物学和计算生物学的最新进展如何使汤普森的观点与基因及其影响的过程相结合,从而更深入地理解生长和形态发生。我们思考基因如何与植物中的亚细胞、细胞和组织水平的过程相互作用,以产生生长模式,这些生长模式构成了汤普森如此生动描述的发育和进化形态转变的基础。