Nollen P M
Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455.
J Parasitol. 1989 Feb;75(1):102-7.
Chickens were infected concurrently with 10 and 20 metacercariae/eye of Philophthalmus megalurus and Philophthalmus gralli. After 14 and 34 days of growth, the adults were removed and worm lengths, return rates, stage of development, and distribution within the host recorded. In a second experiment, chickens infected on day 1 with 10 metacercariae/eye of P. megalurus were concurrently infected with a similar dose of P. gralli on day 14. At day 34, the worms were removed and evaluated for the same parameters as in the first study. The effect of concurrent infections on worm length of P. gralli but not P. megalurus was significant when compared to single species control groups. In all cases recovery rates of P. megalurus in concurrent infections were significantly lower than controls, whereas P. gralli adults were recovered at lower rates only in 20-metacercariae--14-day infections. Maturation of eggs was delayed in both species in concurrent infections at the higher infection levels. Normal distribution was disrupted more for P. gralli at the higher infection levels and longer growth periods. Philophthalmus megalurus adults rarely left their normal habitat in the conjunctival sac. A delayed infective dose of P. gralli affected both species by disrupting normal distribution patterns, delaying egg development, and, in the case of P. megalurus, reducing the recovery rate. The possible role of crowding and antagonistic effects is discussed.
鸡分别以每只眼10个和20个巨形嗜眼吸虫及格氏嗜眼吸虫囊蚴同时感染。生长14天和34天后，取出成虫并记录虫体长度、回收率、发育阶段及在宿主体内的分布情况。在第二项实验中，第1天以每只眼10个巨形嗜眼吸虫囊蚴感染的鸡，在第14天同时以相同剂量的格氏嗜眼吸虫囊蚴感染。在第34天，取出虫体并按照与第一项研究相同的参数进行评估。与单种对照组相比，同时感染对格氏嗜眼吸虫而非巨形嗜眼吸虫的虫体长度有显著影响。在所有情况下，同时感染时巨形嗜眼吸虫的回收率均显著低于对照组，而格氏嗜眼吸虫成虫仅在20个囊蚴 - 14天感染时回收率较低。在较高感染水平的同时感染中，两种吸虫的虫卵成熟均延迟。在较高感染水平和较长生长时期，格氏嗜眼吸虫的正常分布受到的干扰更大。巨形嗜眼吸虫成虫很少离开其在结膜囊内的正常栖息地。延迟感染剂量的格氏嗜眼吸虫通过扰乱正常分布模式、延迟虫卵发育以及（对巨形嗜眼吸虫而言）降低回收率，对两种吸虫均产生了影响。文中讨论了拥挤和拮抗作用的可能作用。
