Kliegl Oliver, Wallner Lisa, Bäuml Karl-Heinz T
Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2018 Mar;167:433-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
When, after study of an item list, adults are cued to forget some of the list items and encode new information instead, such cuing often induces selective forgetting of the to-be-forgotten material without impairing recall of the other items. This study examined developmental trends in such selective directed forgetting by having second graders, sixth graders, and young adults study three successive lists of items and, after study of List 2, cuing them either to remember both List 1 and List 2 or to forget List 2 but remember List 1. Consistent with prior work, second graders exhibited no forgetting at all in response to the forget cue, whereas young adults selectively forgot List 2. Sixth graders showed still another pattern with forgetting of both List 1 and List 2, suggesting that the ability to selectively forget is still absent at this age level. Directed forgetting has often been attributed to the action of inhibitory control processes. On the basis of this view, the current finding that children during middle childhood do not yet show selective forgetting indicates that the control processes underlying selective directed forgetting mature into adolescence and early adulthood.
在对一组项目列表进行学习后，如果提示成年人忘记其中一些列表项目并转而编码新信息，这种提示通常会导致对要忘记的材料产生选择性遗忘，而不会损害对其他项目的回忆。本研究通过让二年级学生、六年级学生和年轻人学习连续的三个项目列表，并在学习列表2之后，提示他们要么记住列表1和列表2，要么忘记列表2但记住列表1，来考察这种选择性定向遗忘的发展趋势。与先前的研究一致，二年级学生在接到遗忘提示时完全没有表现出遗忘，而年轻人则选择性地忘记了列表2。六年级学生表现出了另一种模式，即列表1和列表2都被遗忘了，这表明在这个年龄阶段，选择性遗忘的能力仍然不存在。定向遗忘通常被归因于抑制控制过程的作用。基于这一观点，目前关于童年中期儿童尚未表现出选择性遗忘的发现表明，选择性定向遗忘背后的控制过程在青少年期和成年早期才会成熟。
