Tanahashi Takao
Kobe Pharmaceutical University.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2017;137(12):1443-1482. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00147.
Studies on the structural determination, biosynthesis, and biological activities of secondary metabolites from natural sources are significant in the field of natural products chemistry. This review focuses on diverse secondary metabolites isolated from medicinal plants and cultivated mycobionts of lichens in our laboratory. Monoterpene-tetrahydroisoquinoline glycosides and alkaloids isolated from Cephaelis acuminata and Alangium lamarckii gave important information on the biosynthesis of ipecac alkaloids. A variety of glycosides linked with a secologanin unit and indole alkaloids were obtained from medicinal plants belonging to the families of Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Loganiaceae. Plant species of the four genera Fraxinus, Syringa, Jasminum, and Ligustrum of the family Oleaceae were chemically investigated to provide several types of secoiridoid and iridoid glucosides. The biosynthetic pathway leading from protopine to benzophenanthridine alkaloids in suspension cell cultures of Eschscholtzia californica was elucidated. The structures and biological activities of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of Stephania cepharantha and Nelumbo nucifera were also investigated. In addition, the mycobionts of lichens were cultivated to afford various types of metabolites that differ from the lichen substances of intact lichens but are structurally similar to fungal metabolites. The biosynthetic origins of some metabolites were also studied. These findings suggest that cultures of lichen mycobionts could be sources of new bioactive compounds and good systems for investigating secondary metabolism in lichens.
对天然来源次生代谢产物的结构测定、生物合成及生物活性的研究在天然产物化学领域具有重要意义。本综述聚焦于从我们实验室的药用植物和地衣共生菌中分离出的多种次生代谢产物。从尖叶头九节和八角枫中分离得到的单萜 - 四氢异喹啉糖苷和生物碱为吐根生物碱的生物合成提供了重要信息。从茜草科、夹竹桃科和马钱科的药用植物中获得了多种与裂环马钱子苷单元相连的糖苷和吲哚生物碱。对木犀科四个属（白蜡树属、丁香属、茉莉属和女贞属）的植物物种进行了化学研究，得到了几种类型的裂环环烯醚萜苷和环烯醚萜苷。阐明了加利福尼亚罂粟悬浮细胞培养物中从原阿片碱到苯并菲啶生物碱的生物合成途径。还研究了金线吊乌龟和莲的双苄基异喹啉生物碱的结构和生物活性。此外，培养地衣的共生菌以获得各种类型的代谢产物，这些代谢产物不同于完整地衣的地衣物质，但在结构上与真菌代谢产物相似。还研究了一些代谢产物的生物合成起源。这些发现表明，地衣共生菌培养物可能是新生物活性化合物的来源，也是研究地衣次生代谢的良好体系。
