Maselli Marco, Gobbi Erica, Carraro Attilio
Department FISPPA, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Jan;59(1):132-140. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07981-6. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Physical activity (PA) promotion among university students is important to contribute to a lifelong healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, research in the field is still limited in quantity, quality and generalizability. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of two individual-based strategies for promoting PA among university students in such university contexts where course-based interventions are difficult to implement.
Thirty-three university students were recruited by means of face-to-face interviews and randomly assigned to three groups. The first group attended individual counselling sessions (based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model of behavior change) via videoconferencing calls, the second used wearable PA monitors designed to motivate to PA, and the third served as control. Interventions lasted 12 weeks. Measures of weekly PA (self-reported by questionnaires and recorded by ActiGraph-GT3X+ monitors) and the stage of change of participants were collected at baseline (t0), immediately after the 12-week intervention (t1), and after a 3-month follow-up (t2).
Students in the individual counselling group increased self-reported energy expenditure between t0 and t1 and maintained this improvement at t2; on the contrary, there was no increase in ActiGraph measures of PA. Progression through stages of changes was observed in the same group at t1, followed by some relapses at t2. No significant differences were found neither in the group of students who used the PA monitors nor in the control group.
Although measures of self-reported PA and stage of change suggest the effectiveness of the counselling intervention, the results obtained with accelerometers are contrasting, probably due to the fact that some types of PA participants engaged in could not be recorder by accelerometers. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of individual counselling to promote PA in university students. The autonomous use of PA monitors had no effects on PA behavior. The low participation rate in the study suggests considering carefully the difficulties in motivating this population and in finding low time-consuming strategies to incentive participation.
在大学生中推广体育活动（PA）对于促进终身健康的生活方式很重要。然而，该领域的研究在数量、质量和普遍性方面仍然有限。本研究旨在评估在基于课程的干预难以实施的大学环境中，两种基于个体的策略对促进大学生体育活动的有效性。
通过面对面访谈招募了33名大学生，并将他们随机分为三组。第一组通过视频会议参加个体咨询课程（基于社会认知理论和行为改变的跨理论模型），第二组使用旨在激励体育活动的可穿戴PA监测器，第三组作为对照组。干预持续12周。在基线（t0）、12周干预结束后立即（t1）以及3个月随访后（t2）收集每周体育活动的测量数据（通过问卷自我报告并由ActiGraph-GT3X+监测器记录）以及参与者的行为改变阶段。
个体咨询组的学生在t0到t1之间自我报告的能量消耗增加，并在t2保持了这种改善；相反，ActiGraph测量的体育活动没有增加。在t1时，同一组观察到了行为改变阶段的进展，随后在t2出现了一些复发。使用PA监测器的学生组和对照组均未发现显著差异。
尽管自我报告的体育活动测量和行为改变阶段表明咨询干预是有效的，但加速度计获得的结果却相反，这可能是因为参与者进行的某些类型的体育活动无法被加速度计记录。需要进一步研究以确定个体咨询对促进大学生体育活动的疗效。PA监测器的自主使用对体育活动行为没有影响。该研究的低参与率表明需要仔细考虑激励该人群的困难以及寻找耗时少的激励参与策略。
