Travis Susan L, Dux Paul E, Mattingley Jason B
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2017 Dec;43(12):1944-1949. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000458.
The relationship between visual attention and conscious perception has been the subject of debate across a number of fields, including philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience. Whereas some researchers view attention and awareness as inextricably linked, others propose that the two are supported by distinct neural mechanisms that can be fully dissociated. In a pioneering study, van Boxtel, Tsuchiya, and Koch (2010b) reported evidence for a dissociation between attention and conscious perception using a perceptual adaptation task in which participants' perceptual awareness and visual attention were manipulated independently. They found that participants' awareness of an adapting stimulus increased afterimage duration, whereas attending to the adaptor decreased it. Given the important theoretical implications of these findings, we endeavored to replicate them using an identical paradigm while dealing with some potential shortcomings of the original study by adding more trials and a larger participant sample. Consistent with van Boxtel, Tsuchiya, and Koch, we found that afterimage duration was reliably increased when participants were aware of the adapting stimulus. In contrast to the original findings, however, attention to the adaptor also increased afterimage duration, suggesting that attention and awareness had the same-rather than opposing-effects on afterimage duration. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy. (PsycINFO Database Record
视觉注意力与意识感知之间的关系一直是包括哲学、心理学和神经科学在内的多个领域争论的主题。一些研究人员认为注意力和意识紧密相连，而另一些人则提出二者由不同的神经机制支持，且这些机制可以完全分离。在一项开创性研究中，范·博克塞尔、土屋和科赫（2010b）通过一项知觉适应任务报告了注意力与意识感知分离的证据，在该任务中，参与者的知觉意识和视觉注意力被独立操纵。他们发现，参与者对适应刺激的意识会增加后像持续时间，而关注适应刺激则会减少后像持续时间。鉴于这些发现具有重要的理论意义，我们试图使用相同的范式进行复制，同时通过增加更多试验和更大的参与者样本，来处理原始研究中的一些潜在缺陷。与范·博克塞尔、土屋和科赫的研究结果一致，我们发现当参与者意识到适应刺激时，后像持续时间确实会增加。然而，与原始研究结果不同的是，关注适应刺激也会增加后像持续时间，这表明注意力和意识对后像持续时间具有相同而非相反的影响。我们讨论了这种差异可能的原因。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
