Hosseinzadeh Leila, Monaghash Hoda, Ahmadi Farahnaz, Ghiasvand Nastaran, Shokoohinia Yalda
Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Pharmacogn Mag. 2017 Oct-Dec;13(52):627-633. doi: 10.4103/pm.pm_470_16. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Parkinson's disease, a slowly progressive neurological disease, is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The main aspects of researches are the protection of normal neurons against degeneration. Fatty acids (FAs), the key structural elements of dietary lipids, are carboxylic straight chains and notable parameters in nutritional and industrial usefulness of a plant.
Black cumin, a popular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant food seasoning, contains nonpolar constituents such as FAs which were extracted using hexane. Different fractions and subfractions were apt to cytoprotection against apoptosis and inflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) as a neural cell death model. The experiment consisted of examination of cell viability assessment, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 and -9 activity, and measurement of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity.
MPP induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with subfractions containing FA mixtures attenuated MPP-mediated apoptosis partially dependent on the inhibition of caspase-3 and -9 activity and increasing the MMP. A mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid also decreased the COX activity induced by MPP in PC12 cells.
Our observation indicated that subtoxic concentration of FA from may exert cytoprotective effects through their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation actions and could be regarded as a dietary supplement.
MPP induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells contains bioactive fatty acidsPretreatment with fatty acids attenuated MPP+ mediated apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 3 and 9 activityA mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid decreased the COX activity induced by MPP in PC12 cellsDue to cytoprotective, anti apoptotic and anti inflammation actions of , it could be regarded as a dietary supplement. ANOVA: Analysis of variance; Ca: Calcium; CDCl3: Chloroform; COX: Cyclooxygenase; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EA: Elidic acid; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ESI-MS: Electron spray mass spectroscopy; FAs: Fatty acids; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; GC: Gas chromatography; 1HNMR: Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance; LA: Linoleic acid; MPP+: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; : ; OA: Oleic acid; PA: Palmitic acid; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PC12: Rat pheochromocytoma cell line; PD: Parkinson's disease; PDA: Photo diode array detector; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; TMPD: N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; USA: United states of America.
帕金森病是一种缓慢进展的神经疾病，与大脑基底神经节变性及神经递质多巴胺缺乏有关。研究的主要方面是保护正常神经元免于变性。脂肪酸（FAs）是膳食脂质的关键结构成分，为直链羧酸，是植物营养和工业用途的重要参数。
黑孜然是一种常见的抗炎和抗氧化食品调味料，含有非极性成分如脂肪酸，用己烷提取。不同级分和亚级分对作为神经细胞死亡模型的大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞系（PC12）中由1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶鎓（MPP）诱导的凋亡和炎症具有细胞保护作用。实验包括细胞活力评估、线粒体膜电位（MMP）、半胱天冬酶-3和-9活性检测以及环氧化酶（COX）活性测定。
MPP在PC12细胞中诱导神经毒性。用含脂肪酸混合物的亚级分预处理可部分减轻MPP介导的凋亡，这部分依赖于对半胱天冬酶-3和-9活性的抑制以及MMP的增加。亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸的混合物也降低了MPP在PC12细胞中诱导的COX活性。
我们的观察表明，来自黑孜然的亚毒性浓度脂肪酸可能通过其抗凋亡和抗炎作用发挥细胞保护作用，可被视为一种膳食补充剂。
MPP在PC12细胞中诱导的神经毒性含有生物活性脂肪酸；脂肪酸预处理通过抑制半胱天冬酶3和9活性减轻MPP +介导的凋亡；亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸的混合物降低了MPP在PC12细胞中诱导的COX活性；由于黑孜然具有细胞保护、抗凋亡和抗炎作用，可被视为一种膳食补充剂。方差分析：方差分析；钙：钙；氯仿：氯仿；COX：环氧化酶；二甲基亚砜：二甲基亚砜；反油酸：反油酸；乙二胺四乙酸：乙二胺四乙酸；酶联免疫吸附测定：酶联免疫吸附测定；电喷雾质谱：电喷雾质谱；脂肪酸：脂肪酸；胎牛血清：胎牛血清；气相色谱：气相色谱；氢核磁共振：氢核磁共振；亚油酸：亚油酸；MPP +：1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶鎓；MPTP：1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶；MTT：3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐；：；油酸：油酸；棕榈酸：棕榈酸；磷酸盐缓冲盐水：磷酸盐缓冲盐水；PC12：大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞系；帕金森病：帕金森病；光电二极管阵列检测器：光电二极管阵列检测器；前列腺素E2：前列腺素E2；薄层色谱：薄层色谱；N，N，N'，N'-四甲基对苯二胺：N，N，N'，N'-四甲基对苯二胺；美国：美利坚合众国。
