Hintz Heather A, Weihing Courtney, Bayer Rachel, Lonzarich David, Bryant Winnifred
University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, United States.
MethodsX. 2017 Nov 11;4:480-485. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.11.003. eCollection 2017.
In various species of fishes, the importance of visual cues in the determination of environmental threat and subsequent predator avoidance is clear. Chemical cues also play an essential role facilitating predator avoidance. Among fish in the superorder Ostariophysi, club cells in the epidermis produce an alarm substance. Damage to the skin during a predation event releases an alarm substance (AS), which diffuses through the water column and binds to olfactory receptors of conspecifics. Fish then engage in a number of anti-predator behaviors that may include darting, schooling, or hiding. Behavioral responses to AS and physiological mechanisms that underlie those responses is an active area of study. However, because the precise chemical composition of the alarm substance is unknown, AS is not commercially available. Thus, when fish are challenged alarm substance in various experiments and assays it is obtained from skin extracts or via perfusion of shallow cuts in the epidermis. Both procedures are effective but require the animal to be sacrificed. In this manuscript, we report: •A non-invasive primary cell culture protocol to obtain alarm substance and does not require the model organism to be killed.•The demonstration of anti-predatory behaviors in fish exposed to alarm substance collected by this method.
在各种鱼类中，视觉线索在确定环境威胁及随后躲避捕食者方面的重要性是显而易见的。化学线索在促进躲避捕食者方面也起着至关重要的作用。在骨鳔总目鱼类中，表皮中的棍状细胞会产生一种警报物质。捕食事件中皮肤受损会释放警报物质（AS），该物质会在水柱中扩散并与同种个体的嗅觉受体结合。然后，鱼类会采取多种反捕食行为，包括突然冲刺、聚群或躲藏。对警报物质的行为反应以及这些反应背后的生理机制是一个活跃的研究领域。然而，由于警报物质的确切化学成分尚不清楚，警报物质无法通过商业途径获得。因此，在各种实验和分析中对鱼类进行警报物质刺激时，警报物质是从皮肤提取物中获取的，或者是通过对表皮进行浅切口灌注获得的。这两种方法都有效，但都需要牺牲动物。在本论文中，我们报告：•一种无需杀死模式生物就能获取警报物质的非侵入性原代细胞培养方案。•对暴露于用这种方法收集的警报物质的鱼类的反捕食行为的证明。
