瑞典早产和足月青少年的牙科恐惧与焦虑、牙科护理经历及口腔健康行为的五年随访
Five years' follow-up of dental fear and anxiety, experience of dental care and oral health behaviour in Swedish preterm and full-term adolescents.
作者信息
Brogårdh-Roth Susanne, Månsson Johanna, Ridell Karin, Alward Lubna, Hellén-Halme Kristina, Ekberg EwaCarin
机构信息
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2017 Dec 4;17(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0431-0.
BACKGROUND
There is rising concern about how preterm birth affects long-term health later in life. The various effects that preterm birth have on developmental outcomes, cognitive profiles and medical health may also affect levels of cooperation in the dental care situation in addition to general oral health and other oral health-related habits. Oral health is an integral part of one's general health and well-being; however, less is known about how prematurity affects oral health and other related areas such as dental care, and including dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in individuals during adolescence and adulthood. This is considered of special interest to study, as preterm children during the preschool and school period were reported to have behavioural problems during dental treatments and less than favourable oral hygiene.
METHODS
A questionnaire was used of self-report design and structured into behavioural aspects relating to dental treatment, oral health-related factors, and medical health. This questionnaire at 17-19 years of age was a follow-up from 12 to 14 years of age and considered a predictor for planning future dental care for this group of patients. The 145 participating adolescents were all preterm, born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation and 140 full-term controls, born ≥37 weeks of gestation.
RESULTS
Dental fear and anxiety, oral health behaviour, and intake of sweets and sugary drinks of 17-19-year old adolescents born preterm was comparable to that of the full-term control group. Medical health problems as well as the intake of sweets and sugary drinks increased from the time of early adolescence to late adolescence in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Preterm as well as full-term adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age are satisfied with their dental care and display low prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The findings in this study indicate that adolescents born very preterm and extremely preterm are well prepared for transition to dental care in adult life with expectations of being able to take responsibility for their oral health.
背景
早产如何影响日后的长期健康，这一问题日益受到关注。早产对发育结果、认知状况和身体健康产生的各种影响，除了影响总体口腔健康和其他与口腔健康相关的习惯外，还可能影响牙科护理中的合作程度。口腔健康是个人总体健康和幸福的一个组成部分；然而，关于早产如何影响口腔健康以及其他相关领域（如牙科护理，包括青少年和成年人的牙科恐惧和焦虑），我们所知甚少。鉴于据报道学龄前和学龄期的早产儿童在牙科治疗期间存在行为问题且口腔卫生状况不佳，因此对这一问题的研究具有特殊意义。
方法
采用自我报告设计的问卷，问卷内容涵盖与牙科治疗、口腔健康相关因素以及身体健康有关的行为方面。这份针对17至19岁青少年的问卷是对他们12至14岁时情况的随访，被视为为该组患者规划未来牙科护理的一个预测指标。145名参与研究的青少年均为早产儿，出生时孕周在23至32周之间，另有140名足月对照组青少年，出生时孕周≥37周。
结果
早产的17至19岁青少年的牙科恐惧和焦虑、口腔健康行为以及甜食和含糖饮料的摄入量与足月对照组相当。两组青少年从青春期早期到晚期，身体健康问题以及甜食和含糖饮料的摄入量均有所增加。
结论
17至19岁的早产和足月青少年对他们的牙科护理感到满意，牙科恐惧和焦虑（DFA）的患病率较低。本研究结果表明，极早产和超早产出生的青少年对过渡到成人期的牙科护理准备充分，期望能够对自己的口腔健康负责。
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