Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jan;54:385-400. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.036. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD2 are pattern-recognition receptors responsible for sensing fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan known as muropeptides. Stimulation of innate immunity by systemic or local administration of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists is an attractive means to prevent and treat infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss novel data concerning structural features of selective and non-selective (dual) NOD1 and NOD2 agonists, main signaling pathways and biological effects induced by NOD1 and NOD2 stimulation, including induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons and antimicrobial peptides, induction of autophagy, alterations of metabolism. We also discuss interactions between NOD1/NOD2 and Toll-like receptor agonists in terms of synergy and cross-tolerance. Finally, we review available animal data on the role of NOD1 and NOD2 in protection against infections, and discuss how these data could be applied in human infectious diseases.
核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）1 和 NOD2 是识别负责感知细菌肽聚糖片段（称为肽聚糖）的模式识别受体。通过全身或局部给予 NOD1 和 NOD2 激动剂刺激先天免疫是预防和治疗传染病的一种有吸引力的方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于选择性和非选择性（双重）NOD1 和 NOD2 激动剂的结构特征、NOD1 和 NOD2 刺激诱导的主要信号通路和生物学效应的新数据，包括促炎细胞因子、I 型干扰素和抗菌肽的诱导、自噬的诱导、代谢的改变。我们还讨论了 NOD1/NOD2 与 Toll 样受体激动剂在协同作用和交叉耐受方面的相互作用。最后，我们回顾了 NOD1 和 NOD2 在抗感染保护中的作用的现有动物数据，并讨论了如何将这些数据应用于人类传染病。
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