Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Center of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(18):2140-2165. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666171205145309.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is an endocrine disease of global proportions which is currently affecting 1 in 12 adults in the world, with still increasing prevalence. World Health Organization (WHO) declared this worldwide health problem, as an epidemic disease, to be the only non-infectious disease with such categorization. People with DMT2 are at increased risk of various complications and have shorter life expectancy. The main classes of oral antidiabetic drugs accessible today for DMT2 vary in their chemical composition, modes of action, safety profiles and tolerability.
A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature and public databases has been conducted. We included the most recent relevant research papers and data in respect to the focus of the present review. The quality of retrieved papers was assessed using standard tools.
The review highlights the chemical structural diversity of the molecules that have the common target-DMT2. So-called traditional antidiabetics as well as the newest and the least explored drugs include polypeptides and amino acid derivatives (insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, amylin), sulfonylurea derivatives, benzylthiazolidine- 2,4-diones (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonists/glitazones), condensed guanido core (metformin) and sugar-like molecules (α-glucosidase and sodium/ glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors).
As diabetes becomes a more common disease, interest in new pharmacological targets is on the rise.
2 型糖尿病（DMT2）是一种全球性的内分泌疾病，目前全球每 12 名成年人中就有 1 人患有这种疾病，且其发病率仍在不断上升。世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布这一全球性健康问题是唯一一种被归类为非传染性疾病的流行病。患有 DMT2 的人患各种并发症的风险增加，预期寿命缩短。目前可用于 DMT2 的口服抗糖尿病药物主要有几类，其化学组成、作用方式、安全性和耐受性各不相同。
对同行评议的科学文献和公共数据库进行了系统搜索。我们纳入了与本次综述重点相关的最新研究论文和数据。使用标准工具评估检索到的论文的质量。
综述强调了具有共同目标-DMT2 的分子的化学结构多样性。所谓的传统抗糖尿病药物以及最新的和最少探索的药物包括多肽和氨基酸衍生物（胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽 1、二肽基肽酶-4 抑制剂、胰岛淀粉样多肽）、磺酰脲衍生物、苯并噻唑烷-2,4-二酮（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ 激动剂/噻唑烷二酮）、缩合胍基核心（二甲双胍）和糖样分子（α-葡萄糖苷酶和钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂）。
随着糖尿病变得越来越普遍，人们对新的药理靶点的兴趣日益增加。
