Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Protection, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Mar;234:543-551. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.088. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
The purpose of this pilot study was to test spider webs as a fast tool for magnetic biomonitoring of air pollution. The study involved the investigation of webs made by four types of spiders: Pholcus phalangioides (Pholcidae), Eratigena atrica and Agelena labirynthica (Agelenidae) and Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae). These webs were obtained from outdoor and indoor study sites. Compared to the clean reference webs, an increase was observed in the values of magnetic susceptibility in the webs sampled from both indoor and outdoor sites, which indicates contamination by anthropogenically produced pollution particles that contain ferrimagnetic iron minerals. This pilot study has demonstrated that spider webs are able to capture particulate matter in a manner that is equivalent to flora-based bioindicators applied to date (such as mosses, lichens, leaves). They also have additional advantages; for example, they can be generated in isolated clean habitats, and exposure can be monitored in indoor and outdoor locations, at any height and for any period of time. Moreover, webs are ubiquitous in an anthropogenic, heavily polluted environment, and they can be exposed throughout the year. As spider webs accumulate pollutants to which humans are exposed, they become a reliable source of information about the quality of the environment. Therefore, spider webs are recommended for magnetic biomonitoring of airborne pollution and for the assessment of the environment because they are non-destructive, low-cost, sensitive and efficient.
本初步研究旨在测试蜘蛛网作为快速空气污染物磁生物监测工具的作用。该研究涉及对四种蜘蛛的蛛网进行调查：长脚盲蛛（盲蛛科）、草间小黑蛛和迷宫漏斗蛛（漏斗蛛科）以及横纹金蛛（园蛛科）。这些蛛网来自户外和室内研究地点。与清洁的参考蛛网相比，从室内和室外地点采集的蛛网的磁化率值有所增加，这表明受人为产生的污染颗粒污染，其中含有铁磁矿物质。本初步研究表明，蜘蛛网能够以与迄今为止应用的基于植物的生物标志物（如苔藓、地衣、树叶）相当的方式捕获颗粒物。它们还有其他优点；例如，它们可以在孤立的清洁栖息地中产生，并且可以在室内和室外、任何高度和任何时间段监测暴露情况。此外，在人为的、污染严重的环境中，蜘蛛网无处不在，并且可以全年暴露。由于蜘蛛网积累了人类接触的污染物，因此它们成为环境质量可靠的信息来源。因此，建议使用蜘蛛网进行空气传播污染的磁生物监测和环境评估，因为它们是非破坏性的、低成本的、敏感的和高效的。
