Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
QES Department, Novozymes (China) Biotechnology Ltd, Tianjin 300457, China.
Waste Manag. 2018 Apr;74:260-266. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.043. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
Four different municipal solid wastes (dog manure, horse manure, apple pomace waste and tea waste) and an industrial by-product (NovoGro) were used to produce solid fuel pellets. The mixtures followed a raw material to NovoGro ratio of 50:1. The pellets diameters varied between 4 and 5 mm, and the average length was 20 mm. The dog manure, horse manure, apple pomace waste and tea waste pellets were denoted as DN, HN, AN and TN, respectively. The combustion characteristics of the pelletized fuels were investigated, such as total moisture, ash content, calorific value and ash fusion point, etc. The physicochemical properties were analyzed by using a number of analytical techniques including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties show that the raw materials were effectively combined with the NovoGro binder; furthermore, the DN, HN and TN pellets exhibited excellent mechanical and thermal properties, including high calorific values (>16.30 MJ/kg), high resistance to mechanical shock (>99%), high volatile matter contents, optimal softening temperatures and optimal ash contents. However, the high K, Ca, and Si contents of the AN can form low-melting-point eutectics, which can cause slagging. Moreover, the AN materials had large particle sizes, and high cellulose and hemicellulose contents led to high total moistures, low softening temperatures and low calorific values. The AN was not suitable for use as a fuel. The results suggested that NG is an effective binder for pelletization of biomass and showed the feasibility of using municipal solid wastes for energy production.
四种不同的城市固体废物（狗粪、马粪、苹果渣废物和茶渣）和一种工业副产品（NovoGro）被用于生产固体燃料颗粒。混合物遵循原料与 NovoGro 的比例为 50:1。颗粒的直径在 4 到 5 毫米之间，平均长度为 20 毫米。狗粪、马粪、苹果渣废物和茶渣颗粒分别表示为 DN、HN、AN 和 TN。研究了颗粒燃料的燃烧特性，如总水分、灰分、热值和灰熔点等。通过使用包括 X 射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X 射线衍射光谱（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）在内的多种分析技术对其物理化学性质进行了分析。机械、热和形态性能的结果表明，原材料与 NovoGro 粘合剂有效地结合在一起；此外，DN、HN 和 TN 颗粒表现出优异的机械和热性能，包括高热值（>16.30 MJ/kg）、高机械冲击抗性（>99%）、高挥发物含量、最佳软化温度和最佳灰分含量。然而，AN 的高 K、Ca 和 Si 含量会形成低熔点共晶，从而导致结渣。此外，AN 材料的粒径较大，较高的纤维素和半纤维素含量导致总水分较高、软化温度较低和热值较低。AN 不适合作燃料。结果表明，NG 是生物质颗粒化的有效粘合剂，并展示了利用城市固体废物进行能源生产的可行性。
