Jaja Ishmael Festus, Mushonga Borden, Green Ezekiel, Muchenje Voster
Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Namibia.
Acta Trop. 2018 Feb;178:303-310. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.007. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Global demand for food is surging upward due to the expansion of human population. Hence food production and supply need to double with little or no waste to meet this demand. Food loss at any point in the farm to fork chain inhibits the stability of food security at household and national level. A retrospective (AR) and a post mortem meat inspection (PMMI) study to identify major causes of offal and carcass condemnation was conducted in three abattoirs namely, Adeliade, Queenstown and East London abattoirs represented as AD, QT, and EL respectively. The retrospective study revealed the main causes of tongue condemnation as abscess (0.08%, 0.03% and 0.05%) and actinobacillosis (0.02%, 0% and 0.02%) respectively. The spleen was condemned due to abscess (0.35%, 0.94% and 0.17%) and splenomegaly (0.21%, 0.55% and 0.2%). The heart was condemned due to cyst (0.24%, 0.36% and 0.2%) and inflammation (0.9%, 1.85%, and 0.75%). While the kidney, was condemned due to cyst (0.08%, 0.23% and 0.16%) and nephritis (0.94%, 1.01% and 1.18%). However, a greater percentage of condemnation was recorded during the active abattoir study. During the same period, partial carcass condemnations were mainly due to bruises (63.3%, 50.4% and 41.0%), abscess (7%, 6% and 14%) and improper evisceration (19%, 31% and 27%). The combined monetary loss due to offal's and carcass condemnation during the AR and PMMI study was estimated as ZAR 255194.4 (34191.5 USD) and ZAR 25958.8 (2570.2 USD) respectively. This study identified major causes of offals and carcass condemnation as abscess, bruises, actinobacillosis, cyst, inflammatory conditions and improper evisceration. It can be used as starting point information for early warning on livestock diseases of economic loss in South Africa.
由于人口增长，全球对粮食的需求正在急剧上升。因此，粮食生产和供应需要翻番，且几乎不产生或不产生浪费，以满足这一需求。从农场到餐桌的供应链中任何环节的粮食损失都会影响家庭和国家层面粮食安全的稳定性。在三个屠宰场，即分别代表为AD、QT和EL的阿德莱德、皇后镇和东伦敦屠宰场，开展了一项回顾性（AR）和宰后肉类检验（PMMI）研究，以确定内脏和胴体被判不合格的主要原因。回顾性研究显示，舌部被判不合格的主要原因分别是脓肿（0.08%、0.03%和0.05%）和放线杆菌病（0.02%、0%和0.02%）。脾脏被判不合格是由于脓肿（0.35%、0.94%和0.17%）和脾肿大（0.21%、0.55%和0.2%）。心脏被判不合格是由于囊肿（0.24%、0.36%和0.2%）和炎症（0.9%、1.85%和0.75%）。而肾脏被判不合格是由于囊肿（0.08%、0.23%和0.16%）和肾炎（0.94%、1.01%和1.18%）。然而，在屠宰场实际研究期间记录的被判不合格比例更高。在同一时期，部分胴体被判不合格主要是由于瘀伤（63.3%、50.4%和41.0%）、脓肿（7%、6%和14%）和内脏摘除不当（19%、31%和27%）。在AR和PMMI研究期间，由于内脏和胴体被判不合格造成的综合货币损失估计分别为255194.4兰特（34191.5美元）和25958.8兰特（2570.2美元）。本研究确定了内脏和胴体被判不合格的主要原因是脓肿、瘀伤、放线杆菌病、囊肿、炎症状况和内脏摘除不当。它可作为南非经济损失牲畜疾病早期预警的起始信息。
