Karwaki Tanya E, Hazlet Thomas K
University of Washington, School of Pharmacy, Box 357630, Seattle, WA 98195-7630, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2017 May;9(3):369-375. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2017.02.001. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
This study was designed to better understand pharmacy students' experiences and recognition of legal and ethical tensions existing in pharmacy practice as demonstrated in student-written law and ethics cases.
A qualitative analysis of 132 student-written cases representing the team efforts of 1053 students over a 12-year time period was conducted. Student-written cases were coded and analyzed thematically.
Our results demonstrate the types of ethical and legal issues our students have experienced in pharmacy practice during the first five quarters of their professional education. Our data highlight three themes: 1) ethical dilemmas presented when the law is misapplied; 2) ethical dilemmas presented when an institutional policy or law was viewed as insufficient; and 3) ethical dilemmas presented as provider distress. The third theme was further subdivided into five subthemes.
The themes that emerged from this study represent some of the ethical dilemmas that second professional year students have encountered and how these dilemmas may intersect with legal boundaries. Educators can use cases demonstrating these themes to reinforce law and ethics education in the curriculum, thus helping prepare students for pharmacy practice. This article recommends how and when to use case examples.
本研究旨在更好地理解药学专业学生在药学实践中所经历的情况，以及他们对学生撰写的法律与伦理案例中所体现的药学实践中存在的法律和伦理冲突的认识。
对132个学生撰写的案例进行了定性分析，这些案例代表了1053名学生在12年时间里的团队努力成果。对学生撰写的案例进行编码并按主题进行分析。
我们的结果展示了我们的学生在专业教育的前五个季度中在药学实践中所经历的伦理和法律问题类型。我们的数据突出了三个主题：1）法律被错误应用时出现的伦理困境；2）机构政策或法律被认为不充分时出现的伦理困境；3）表现为提供者困扰的伦理困境。第三个主题进一步细分为五个子主题。
本研究中出现的主题代表了二年级专业学生所遇到的一些伦理困境，以及这些困境可能如何与法律界限相交。教育工作者可以使用展示这些主题的案例来加强课程中的法律和伦理教育，从而帮助学生为药学实践做好准备。本文推荐了如何以及何时使用案例示例。
