Horner R H, Albin R W, Mank D M
Behav Modif. 1989 Jan;13(1):74-90. doi: 10.1177/01454455890131005.
This study provides a systematic demonstration of generalization failures in which irrelevant stimulus control of competing responses interferes with, or overrides, the stimulus control of adaptive behavior developed during training. Appropriate and inappropriate verbal responses by a 26-year-old woman with severe mental retardation served as the dependent variables. A reversal design across trained and nontrained settings indicates that presenting a stimulus with a prior history of control over "inappropriate" verbalizations concurrently with a stimulus controlling newly acquired "appropriate" verbalizations significantly reduces the strength of the appropriate stimulus-control relationship. The implications for training generalized skills are discussed.
本研究系统地论证了泛化失败的情况，即竞争性反应的无关刺激控制干扰或凌驾于训练期间形成的适应性行为的刺激控制。一名患有严重智力障碍的26岁女性的恰当和不恰当言语反应作为因变量。在训练和未训练环境中采用的反转设计表明，将曾控制“不恰当”言语的刺激与控制新习得的“恰当”言语的刺激同时呈现，会显著削弱恰当刺激-控制关系的强度。文中还讨论了对训练泛化技能的启示。
