Najafi Tahereh Fathi, Roudsari Robab Latifnejad, Ebrahimipour Hossein
Ph.D. Student of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Ph.D. of Reproductive Health, Associate Professor, Evidence-Based Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Electron Physician. 2017 Oct 25;9(10):5446-5451. doi: 10.19082/5446. eCollection 2017 Oct.
In the past century, maternal support during childbirth has been changed according to the different approaches suggested by various health care paradigms.
The aim of this review was to argue the maternity supportive care paradigms of the past century and to closely analyze each paradigm.
This is a historical review, in which published articles were retrieved from databases including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. Sage Journals and Springer's publications were also searched due to the high citation rate of their articles. The keywords entered were "Labor support", "Normal delivery", "Birth attendance", "Supportive approaches", "Health care paradigms", and "Midwifery models of care". They were entered alone or in combinations using "AND". Also, Persian articles were searched in local databases including Irandoc, SID, IranMedex, and Magiran using the above-mentioned keywords in Persian. Sixty articles met inclusion criteria.
The review revealed four main themes including the definitions of continuous labor support, the technocratic paradigm, the humanistic paradigm and the naturalistic paradigm as models of labor support. According to the evidence, labor support has changed from technocratic to humanistic and holistic approaches, which in turn, caused some changes in midwifery models of care used by midwives in the practice.
Labor support based on the holistic approaches and the naturalistic paradigms could bring about remarkable outcomes, the most important being satisfied with the birth experience, increased mother's self-confidence, enhanced mother's ability in childbirth and better completion of the childbirth process.
在过去的一个世纪里，分娩期间的产妇支持根据各种医疗保健模式提出的不同方法而发生了变化。
本综述的目的是探讨过去一个世纪的产妇支持性护理模式，并对每种模式进行深入分析。
这是一项历史综述，从包括Scopus、Science Direct、PubMed和谷歌学术在内的数据库中检索已发表的文章。由于Sage期刊和施普林格出版物的文章被引率很高，因此也对其进行了搜索。输入的关键词为“分娩支持”、“正常分娩”、“分娩陪伴”、“支持性方法”、“医疗保健模式”和“助产护理模式”。它们单独输入或使用“AND”组合输入。此外，还使用上述波斯语关键词在包括Irandoc、SID、IranMedex和Magiran在内的本地数据库中搜索波斯语文章。60篇文章符合纳入标准。
该综述揭示了四个主要主题，包括持续分娩支持的定义、技术官僚模式、人文模式和自然主义模式作为分娩支持的模型。根据证据，分娩支持已从技术官僚方法转变为人文和整体方法，这反过来又导致助产士在实践中使用的助产护理模式发生了一些变化。
基于整体方法和自然主义模式的分娩支持可以带来显著的效果，其中最重要的是对分娩经历感到满意、增强母亲的自信心、提高母亲的分娩能力以及更好地完成分娩过程。
