Improving the conductivity and charge transfer kinetics is favourable for innovation of sustainable energy devices such as metal oxide/sulfide-based electrodes. Herein, with an intercalation pseudocapacitance effect, an in situ polymerization-carbonization process for novel carbon-sealed vertical MoS-SnO anchored on graphene aerogel (C@MoS-SnO@Gr) has enabled excellent rate performance and durability of the anode of lithium ion batteries to be achieved. The integrated carbon layer and graphene matrix provide a bicontinuous conductive network for efficient electron/ion diffusion pathways. The charge transfer kinetics could be enhanced by the synergistic effects between vertical MoS nanosheets and well-dispersed SnO particles. Based on the crystal surface matching, the ameliorated electric contact between MoS and SnO can promote the extraction of Li from LiO and restrain the serious aggregation of LiSn. As a result, the improved reversibility leads to a higher initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 80% (0.1 A g current density) compared to that of other materials. In particular, with the dominating surface capacitive process, the C@MoS-SnO@Gr electrode delivers a stable capacity of 680 mA h g at 2.5 A g for 2000 cycles. Quantitative insight into the origin of the boosted kinetics demonstrated the high pseudocapacitance contribution (above 90%) which leads to the durable high rate Li ion storage.