Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 1A2, Canada.
Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 1A2, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 15;624:250-261. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.123. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
In the Athabasca Oil Sands (OS) Region, the exposure (by air, water, diet), uptake and deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including parent and alkylated hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), was assessed in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at mining-related (OS1, OS2) and reference (REF) sites. The OS sites did not receive oil-sands processed waters (OSPW) and were ≥60km from the reference sites. Most of the 42 PACs (≤98%) were detected in all matrices. Swallows at the OS sites were exposed to higher air and water concentrations of individual PAC congeners, ΣPACs, Σparent-PAHs, Σalkyl-PAHs and ΣDBTs. Compared to reference nestlings (ΣPACs: 13-27ng/g wet weight (ww)), PACs were significantly higher in OS nestlings (31-106ng/gww) that also accumulated higher concentrations of major PAHs (i.e., naphthalene, C1-naphthalene, C2-naphthalene, C1-fluorenes, C2-fluorenes, C1-phenanthrenes) measured in 60% of nestlings. Uptake and deposition of PAHs in the birds' muscle was related to diet (δN: C1-naphthalenes, C2-naphthalenes, C1-fluorenes), water (C1-phenanthrenes), and air through inhalation and feather preening (C1-fluorenes), but fecal concentrations were not well explained by diet or environmental concentrations. While PAH concentrations were much higher in muscle than feces, they were highly correlated (p≤0.001 for all). Thus feces may represent a non-lethal method for characterizing PAH exposure of birds, with muscle characterizing accumulation and sources of PAH exposure. Tree swallows in the Athabasca OS Region are exposed to many PACs, accumulating higher concentrations when developing in close proximity to mining activity through diet, aerial deposition and mining-impacted freshwater sources (e.g., wetlands).
在艾伯塔省油砂区（OS），评估了与采矿相关的（OS1、OS2）和参考（REF）地点的巢树燕（Tachycineta bicolor）幼鸟的多环芳烃（PAC）暴露（通过空气、水、饮食）、吸收和沉积情况，包括母体和烷基化烃（PAHs）和二苯并噻吩（DBTs）。OS 地点未接收油砂加工水（OSPW），且距离参考地点至少 60 公里。所有基质中均检测到 42 种 PAC（≤98%）。与参考组幼鸟相比，OS 地点的燕子接触到的空气和水中单个 PAC 同系物、ΣPACs、Σ母体-PAHs、Σ烷基-PAHs 和 ΣDBTs 的浓度更高。与参考组幼鸟相比（ΣPACs：13-27ng/g 湿重（ww）），OS 组幼鸟的 PACs 明显更高（31-106ng/gww），而且还积累了更高浓度的主要 PAHs（即萘、C1-萘、C2-萘、C1-芴、C2-芴、C1-菲），60%的巢鸟体内都有这些物质。鸟类肌肉中 PAHs 的吸收和沉积与饮食（δN：C1-萘、C2-萘、C1-芴）、水（C1-菲）和空气（通过吸入和羽毛梳理）有关，但粪便中的浓度不能很好地通过饮食或环境浓度来解释。虽然肌肉中的 PAH 浓度比粪便高得多，但它们高度相关（所有物质均为 p≤0.001）。因此，粪便可能代表一种非致死性方法，用于描述鸟类的 PAH 暴露情况，而肌肉则可以描述 PAH 暴露的积累和来源。艾伯塔省油砂区的树燕暴露于许多 PAC 中，当在靠近采矿活动的地方发育时，通过饮食、空气沉积和受采矿影响的淡水来源（例如湿地），会积累更高浓度的 PAC。
