Palmer Lee E, Gautier Anais
J Spec Oper Med. 2017 Winter;17(4):86-92. doi: 10.55460/6XRM-EW4X.
The increasing use of opioids (e.g., fentanyl, carfentanil) for illicit drug manufacturing poses a potential life-threatening hazard to law enforcement officers and first responders (e.g., EMS, fire and rescue) who may unknowingly come into contact with these drugs during the course of their daily activities. Similarly, Operational canines (OpK9s) of all disciplines-detection (drug, explosive, accelerant), patrol, tracking, search and rescue, and others-are at risk for accidental illicit opioid exposure. The most serious adverse effect of opioid exposure is respiratory depression leading to slow, shallow breathing or complete cessation of voluntary breathing (respiratory arrest). Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is the antidote for reversing the effects of an opioid overdose in both humans and OpK9s. This clinical update describes the potential risks associated with opioid exposure as well as the use of naloxone as it pertains to the OpK9.
阿片类药物（如芬太尼、卡芬太尼）在非法毒品制造中的使用日益增加，这对执法人员和急救人员（如紧急医疗服务人员、消防和救援人员）构成了潜在的生命威胁，他们在日常工作中可能会在不知情的情况下接触到这些药物。同样，所有学科的工作犬（OpK9s）——检测（毒品、爆炸物、助燃剂）、巡逻、追踪、搜救等——都有意外接触非法阿片类药物的风险。阿片类药物暴露最严重的不良反应是呼吸抑制，导致呼吸缓慢、浅表或完全停止自主呼吸（呼吸骤停）。纳洛酮是一种阿片类拮抗剂，是逆转人类和OpK9s阿片类药物过量影响的解毒剂。本临床更新描述了与阿片类药物暴露相关的潜在风险，以及纳洛酮在OpK9s方面的使用情况。
