College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 19;14(12):1602. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121602.
Enterococci concentration variability at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico, was examined in the context of environmental conditions observed during 2005-2015. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, direct normal irradiance, and dew point were combined with local precipitation, winds, and mean sea level (MSL) observations in a stepwise multiple regression analyses (Akaike Information Criteria model selection). Precipitation, MSL, irradiance, SST, and turbidity explained 20% of the variation in observed enterococci concentrations based upon these analyses. Changes in these parameters preceded increases in enterococci concentrations by 24 h up to 11 days, particularly during positive anomalies of turbidity, SST, and 480-960 mm of accumulated (4 days) precipitation, which relates to bacterial ecology. Weaker, yet still significant, increases in enterococci concentrations were also observed during positive dew point anomalies. Enterococci concentrations decreased with elevated irradiance and MSL anomalies. Unsafe enterococci concentrations per US EPA recreational water quality guidelines occurred when 4-day cumulative precipitation ranged 481-960 mm; irradiance < 667 W·m; daily average turbidity anomaly >0.005 sr; SST anomaly >0.8 °C; and 3-day average MSL anomaly <-18.8 cm. This case study shows that satellite-derived environmental data can be used to inform future water quality studies and protect human health.
在 2005 年至 2015 年期间，研究了波多黎各圣胡安埃斯卡姆布龙海滩的肠球菌浓度变化与环境条件之间的关系。在逐步多元回归分析（赤池信息量准则模型选择）中，将卫星衍生的海面温度（SST）、浊度、直接法向辐照度和露点与当地降水、风和平均海平面（MSL）观测值结合在一起。根据这些分析，降水、MSL、辐照度、SST 和浊度解释了观察到的肠球菌浓度变化的 20%。这些参数的变化先于肠球菌浓度的增加 24 小时至 11 天，尤其是在浊度、SST 和 480-960 毫米累积（4 天）降水的正异常期间，这与细菌生态学有关。在正露点异常期间，也观察到肠球菌浓度的微弱但仍然显著增加。肠球菌浓度随着辐照度和 MSL 异常的升高而降低。当 4 天累积降水范围为 481-960 毫米时，根据美国环保署休闲水质指南，出现不安全的肠球菌浓度；辐照度<667 W·m；每日平均浊度异常>0.005 sr；SST 异常>0.8°C；和 3 天平均 MSL 异常<-18.8 厘米。这项案例研究表明，卫星衍生的环境数据可用于指导未来的水质研究和保护人类健康。
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