Wang Jian, Zhang Kai Xiang, Lu Guo Zhen, Zhao Xiang Hui
Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Yi Chuan. 2017 Dec 20;39(12):1138-1149. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.17-086.
The development of the nervous system is coordinately regulated by multiple interacting factors. If a certain factor is altered or mutated, the coordinated developmental processes could be disrupted, resulting in neurological diseases. The 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an intermediate product of the DNA demethylation processes. 5hmC and its metabolic enzymes, the ten-eleven translocation protein-TET family of dioxygenases, have recently been identified as new epigenetic players important in the regulation of the nervous system development, as well as in cognition, memory and other neurological functions. In various studies on neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration related diseases, the levels of 5hmC and TET proteins could be differentially regulated during development and/or disease pathogenesis, suggesting the potentially critical roles of 5hmC and TETs in these neural developmental and disease processes. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in research on 5hmC and TET dioxygenases in the regulation of neurodevelopment and neurological diseases, thereby providing significant insights on the involvements of 5hmC and TETs in neurodevelopment and on establishing new therapeutic strategies for human neurological diseases.
神经系统的发育由多种相互作用的因素协同调节。如果某个因素发生改变或突变，协调的发育过程可能会被破坏，从而导致神经疾病。5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5hmC）是DNA去甲基化过程的中间产物。5hmC及其代谢酶——双加氧酶的十一-易位蛋白-TET家族，最近被确定为在神经系统发育以及认知、记忆和其他神经功能调节中起重要作用的新的表观遗传因子。在各种与神经发育和神经退行性疾病相关的研究中，5hmC和TET蛋白的水平在发育和/或疾病发病过程中可能受到不同的调节，这表明5hmC和TET在这些神经发育和疾病过程中可能起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了5hmC和TET双加氧酶在神经发育和神经疾病调节方面的最新研究进展，从而为5hmC和TET参与神经发育以及为人类神经疾病建立新的治疗策略提供重要见解。
