Waymack James R., An Jason
Southern Illinois University
Riverside Community Hospital/UCRiverside
The elbow joint is considered relatively stable; however, elbow dislocations are a fairly common occurrence. This injury frequently occurs during sporting activities when a person falls on an extended elbow. In most instances, the semilunar notch of the ulna is dislocated posteriorly from the distal humerus. If there is no fracture associated with the dislocation, it is described as simple, and the injury is often closed with no bony protrusion through the skin. The stability of the elbow joint due to its bony structure means that significant force is required to disrupt the joint. Therefore, an associated fracture may be found along with the elbow dislocation thus classifying the dislocation as complex. Neurovascular complications are rare from a simple, closed, posterior dislocation. The less encountered anterior elbow dislocation requires much more force and concern for neurovascular compromise should be greater. A dislocated elbow necessitates immediate closed reduction to prevent complications. Recurrent elbow dislocations suggest chronic joint instability and may require operative fixation.
肘关节被认为相对稳定；然而，肘关节脱位是相当常见的情况。这种损伤经常发生在体育活动中，当一个人伸直肘部摔倒时。在大多数情况下，尺骨的半月切迹从肱骨远端向后脱位。如果脱位没有伴有骨折，则称为单纯性脱位，这种损伤通常是闭合性的，没有骨质通过皮肤突出。由于肘关节的骨骼结构，其稳定性意味着需要很大的力量才能破坏关节。因此，肘关节脱位可能会伴有骨折，从而将脱位归类为复杂性脱位。单纯性、闭合性、后脱位很少出现神经血管并发症。较少见的前脱位需要更大的力量，并且对神经血管损伤的担忧应该更大。肘关节脱位需要立即进行闭合复位以预防并发症。复发性肘关节脱位提示慢性关节不稳定，可能需要手术固定。
