Anatomical and physiological considerations regarding the temporomandibular joint.

The structure and function of the human temporomandibular joint has concerned several investigators but still fundamental questions exist and require further examination. A profound knowledge of the normal anatomy and histology of the temporomandibular joint is necessary to understand its function and functional disturbances. It is also necessary for a good understanding of clinical findings and the interpretation of radiographs. In this paper a clinically orientated description has been given of the anatomy and histology of the mandibular head, the articular fossa and eminence, the articular disc, the capsule and ligaments, the synovial membrane, the innervation of the joint and the normal relationship between the different components. About the physiology of the temporomandibular joint many controversial theories exist. A lot of research has still to be done, especially in the field of the co-ordination of the function of both joints, the muscles and the dentition.