O' Reilly A J, Laide C, Maloy A, Hutton S, Bookelaar B, O' Sullivan K, Lynch S A, Culloty S C
Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre,School of Biological,Earth and Environmental Sciences,University College Cork,The Cooperage,Distillery Fields,North Mall,Cork,Ireland.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,Northeast Fishery Centre,PO Box 75,227 Washington Ave Lamar PA,16848,USA.
Parasitology. 2018 Jul;145(8):1095-1104. doi: 10.1017/S0031182017002244. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas contributes significantly to global aquaculture; however, C. gigas culture has been affected by ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and variants. The dynamics of how the virus maintains itself at culture sites is unclear and the role of carriers, reservoirs or hosts is unknown. Both wild and cultured mussels Mytilus spp. (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and hybrids) are commonly found at C. gigas culture sites. The objective of this study was to investigate if Mytilus spp. can harbour the virus and if viral transmission can occur between mussels and oysters. Mytilus spp. living at oyster trestles, 400-500 m higher up the shore from the trestles and up to 26 km at non-culture sites were screened for OsHV-1 and variants by all the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommended diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, in situ hybridization and confirmation using direct sequencing. The particular primers that target OsHV-1 and variants, including OsHV-1 microVar (μVar), were used in the PCR and qPCR. OsHV-1 μVar was detected in wild Mytilus spp. at C. gigas culture sites and more significantly the virus was detected in mussels at non-culture sites. Cohabitation of exposed wild mussels and naïve C. gigas resulted in viral transmission after 14 days, under an elevated temperature regime. These results indicate that mussels can harbour OsHV-1 μVar; however, the impact of OsHV-1 μVar on Mytilus spp. requires further investigation.
太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）对全球水产养殖贡献巨大；然而，太平洋牡蛎养殖受到牡蛎疱疹病毒-1（OsHV-1）及其变种的影响。病毒在养殖场所如何维持自身的动态尚不清楚，载体、储存宿主或宿主的作用也未知。在太平洋牡蛎养殖场所经常能发现野生和养殖的贻贝（Mytilus spp.，包括紫贻贝、地中海贻贝及其杂交种）。本研究的目的是调查贻贝是否能携带该病毒，以及病毒是否能在贻贝和牡蛎之间传播。通过世界动物卫生组织（OIE）推荐的所有诊断方法，包括聚合酶链反应（PCR）、定量PCR（qPCR）、组织学、原位杂交以及使用直接测序进行确认，对生活在牡蛎养殖架上、离养殖架岸边400 - 500米高处以及非养殖场所达26公里处的贻贝进行OsHV-1及其变种的筛查。在PCR和qPCR中使用了针对OsHV-1及其变种（包括OsHV-1微变种（μVar））的特定引物。在太平洋牡蛎养殖场所的野生贻贝中检测到了OsHV-1 μVar，更显著地是在非养殖场所的贻贝中检测到了该病毒。在高温条件下，将暴露的野生贻贝与未感染的太平洋牡蛎共同养殖14天后导致了病毒传播。这些结果表明贻贝可以携带OsHV-1 μVar；然而，OsHV-1 μVar对贻贝的影响还需要进一步研究。
