Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, Israel.
Bioessays. 2018 Apr;40(4):e1700018. doi: 10.1002/bies.201700018. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
It is becoming increasingly clear that most, if not all, animals and plants are associated with a diverse array of resident gut microbiota. This symbiosis is regulated by host-microbiome interactions which influence the development, homeostasis, adaptation and evolution of the host. Recent evidence indicated that these interactions can also affect the host germline and have a potential of supporting transgenerational effects, including inheritance of acquired characteristics. Taken together, the influence of gut bacteria on the host soma and germline could potentially give rise to emergent phenotypes, which may be partially inherited by three distinguishable modes of transgenerational influence of gut bacteria: 1) "soma-to-soma" 2) "soma-to-germline" and 3) "soma-germline-soma". Here, we discuss these possibilities in light of evidence supporting bacterial-mediated modes of transgenerational inheritance.
越来越明显的是，大多数（如果不是全部的话）动物和植物都与各种各样的常驻肠道微生物群落相关联。这种共生关系受到宿主-微生物群相互作用的调节，这些相互作用影响宿主的发育、稳态、适应和进化。最近的证据表明，这些相互作用也可以影响宿主的生殖系，并有可能支持跨代效应，包括获得性状的遗传。总之，肠道细菌对宿主躯体和生殖系的影响可能会产生新的表型，这些表型可能会通过肠道细菌的三种不同的跨代影响模式部分遗传：1）“躯体到躯体”；2）“躯体到生殖系”；3）“躯体-生殖系-躯体”。在这里，我们根据支持细菌介导的跨代遗传模式的证据，讨论了这些可能性。
