Division for Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 16;216(suppl_10):S951-S956. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix502.
Accurate diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections has become a pressing need for the effective prevention and control of the epidemic. The findings that ZIKV infections are associated with birth defects and neurologic disease, and that the virus can be sexually transmitted, accentuate the need for accurate diagnostic testing for different applications new to the arbovirus field. Antibody response to related flaviviruses has long been known to be cross-reactive, and antibody detection of ZIKV is nonspecific in populations previously exposed to any of the four dengue viruses or West Nile virus, or vaccinated against yellow fever virus. Therefore, the diagnosis of ZIKV infections has increasingly depended on detection by nucleic acid tests. During the recent epidemic, tests authorized for emergency use have been utilized by public health laboratories and the commercial sector, but a more dependable and responsive diagnostic testing has yet to be developed.
准确诊断 Zika 病毒（ZIKV）感染已成为有效防控疫情的迫切需求。研究发现，ZIKV 感染与出生缺陷和神经系统疾病有关，并且该病毒可以通过性传播，这更加凸显了针对 arbovirus 领域新应用进行准确诊断检测的必要性。众所周知，与相关黄病毒的抗体反应具有交叉反应性，在先前接触过任何四种登革热病毒或西尼罗河病毒或接种过黄热病疫苗的人群中，ZIKV 的抗体检测是非特异性的。因此，ZIKV 感染的诊断越来越依赖于核酸检测。在最近的疫情中，公共卫生实验室和商业部门已经使用了授权紧急使用的检测方法，但尚未开发出更可靠和更具响应性的诊断检测方法。
