Bamidele Oderinde Soji, Bakoji Abdulbasi, Yaga Samaila Jackson, Ijaya Kunle, Mohammed Bukar, Yuguda Ismaila Yunusa, Baba Marycelin M
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Maiduguri, College of Medical Sciences, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Virol Sin. 2025 Feb;40(1):61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.12.008. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
In-utero exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) could lead to miscarriage, preterm birth and congenital Zika syndrome. This study aimed at estimating the burden of ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) infections among pregnant women in Bojude, Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from pregnant women between February and April 2022. Using the updated CDC guidelines for the diagnosis of ZIKV infections, including ELISA and microneutralization test (MNT), we found that 16.5% of participants were positive for ZIKV IgM, 10% were positive for IgG, and 23% had nAb in their serum. Among the 46 ZIKV nAb-positive women, 52.2% and 10.9% were recent and previous ZIKV infections, respectively, while 6.5% had previous DENV infections. Although no recent DENV infection was detected, recent and previous ZIKV/DENV co-infections were 13.0% and 17.4%, respectively. Two participants had recent secondary ZIKV infections, while 39.1% had prolonged lifelong immunity. Recent ZIKV infection rates were significantly higher among sexually active females aged 20-29 years than other age groups, with the highest risk observed in the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, the grand-multiparous women are at higher risk of ZIKV infections than other categories. Monotypic recent, secondary and past ZIKV infections, as well as DENV and ZIKV co-infections, were detected in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women. These findings highlight that ZIKV infection is prevalent among pregnant women in Nigeria and underscore the associated risk factors, providing evidence-based information on the burden of ZIKV infections in DENV-endemic region.
子宫内暴露于寨卡病毒（ZIKV）可导致流产、早产和先天性寨卡综合征。本研究旨在估计尼日利亚博朱德地区孕妇中寨卡病毒和登革热病毒（DENV）感染的负担。2022年2月至4月期间，共采集了200名孕妇的血样。使用美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）更新的寨卡病毒感染诊断指南，包括酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和微量中和试验（MNT），我们发现16.5%的参与者寨卡病毒IgM呈阳性，10%的参与者IgG呈阳性，23%的参与者血清中有中和抗体（nAb）。在46名寨卡病毒nAb阳性的女性中，分别有52.2%和10.9%为近期和既往寨卡病毒感染，而6.5%曾感染过登革热病毒。尽管未检测到近期登革热病毒感染，但近期和既往寨卡病毒/登革热病毒合并感染分别为13.0%和17.4%。两名参与者有近期继发性寨卡病毒感染，而39.1%有长期终身免疫力。20 - 29岁性活跃女性的近期寨卡病毒感染率显著高于其他年龄组，在妊娠早期风险最高。此外，多产孕妇感染寨卡病毒的风险高于其他类别。在无症状和有症状的孕妇中均检测到近期、继发性和既往单型寨卡病毒感染，以及登革热病毒和寨卡病毒合并感染。这些发现突出表明，寨卡病毒感染在尼日利亚孕妇中很普遍，并强调了相关危险因素，为登革热流行地区寨卡病毒感染的负担提供了循证信息。
