Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2018 Mar;37(1):45-53. doi: 10.1007/s10555-017-9716-7.
Cancer immunotherapy has shown impressive clinical results in the last decade, improving both solid and hematologic cancer patients' overall survival. Nevertheless, most of the molecular aspects underlying the response to this approach are still under investigation. miRNAs in particular have been described as regulators of a plethora of different immunologic processes and thus have the potential to be key in the future developments of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and therapeutics of the four principal cancer immunotherapy approaches: immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and cytokine therapy. In particular, this review is focused on potential roles for miRNAs to be adjuvants in soluble factor- and cell-based therapies, with the aim of helping to increase specificity and decrease toxicity, and on the potential for rationally identified miRNA-based diagnostic approaches to aid in precision clinical immunooncology.
在过去的十年中，癌症免疫疗法在临床治疗上取得了显著的效果，提高了实体瘤和血液系统肿瘤患者的总体生存率。然而，大多数与该治疗方法应答相关的分子机制仍在研究之中。miRNAs 尤其被描述为多种不同免疫过程的调控因子，因此有可能成为未来免疫治疗发展的关键。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了 miRNAs 在四种主要癌症免疫治疗方法（免疫检查点阻断、过继细胞治疗、癌症疫苗和细胞因子治疗）的诊断和治疗中的新作用。特别地，本综述侧重于 miRNAs 作为可溶性因子和细胞治疗辅助剂的潜在作用，目的是提高治疗的特异性和降低毒性，并探讨基于 miRNA 的诊断方法在精准临床免疫肿瘤学中的应用潜力。
