MicroRNAs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer.

Immune cells are recruited into the tumor microenvironment and regulate anti- and pro-tumor signals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) markedly control the immune system responses in cancer development. miRNAs that affect the immune system could be interesting targets for immunomodulation against cancer, either through the activation of effector cells or through the down-regulation of regulatory cells. Bioinformatic calculations can predict the immune system and miRNA interactions. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies about miRNA as the main regulator of recruitment and the activation of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment and finally we propose several miRNAs that could serve as therapeutic molecules in the immunotherapy of cancer.