Housh T J, Johnson G O, Hughes R A, Housh D J, Hughes R J, Fry A S, Kenney K B, Cisar C J
Center for Youth Fitness and Sports Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-0138.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Feb;21(1):105-9. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198902000-00019.
The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in body composition as well as absolute and relative isokinetic forearm and leg strength of high school wrestlers across age. One hundred ninety-five wrestlers (means age +/- SD = 16.36 +/- 1.12 yr) volunteered to be measured for strength using a Cybex II dynamometer at 30, 180, and 300 degrees.s-1. In addition, underwater weighing was used to determine body composition characteristics. The subjects were divided into four age groups: group 1 (G1) = 14.17-15.00 yr (N = 20); group 2 (G2) = 15.01-16.00 yr (N = 60); group 3 (G3) = 16.01-17.00 yr (N = 52); and group 4 (G4) = 17.01-18.50 yr (N = 63). One-way ANOVA or ANCOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons indicated significant (P less than 0.05) changes across age for height, body weight, and fat-free weight, as well as absolute and relative forearm and leg strength. The results of this study indicated that, while a large portion of the improvements in strength across age were associated with increases in lean tissue, there was an additional "age effect" which could not be accounted for by changes in fat-free weight. Although the mechanism responsible for the "age effect" is unclear, it is possible that neural development contributed to the strength increases across age.
本研究的目的是确定高中摔跤运动员在不同年龄段身体成分以及等速前臂和腿部绝对力量与相对力量的变化。195名摔跤运动员（平均年龄±标准差=16.36±1.12岁）自愿使用Cybex II测力计在30、180和300度/秒的速度下测量力量。此外，采用水下称重法来确定身体成分特征。受试者被分为四个年龄组：第1组（G1）=14.17 - 15.00岁（N = 20）；第2组（G2）=15.01 - 16.00岁（N = 60）；第3组（G3）=16.01 - 17.00岁（N = 52）；第4组（G4）=17.01 - 18.50岁（N = 63）。单向方差分析或协方差分析以及Tukey事后比较表明，身高、体重、去脂体重以及绝对和相对前臂及腿部力量在不同年龄之间存在显著（P<0.05）变化。本研究结果表明，虽然不同年龄间力量的大部分提升与瘦组织增加有关，但还存在一种额外的“年龄效应”，这无法通过去脂体重的变化来解释。尽管导致“年龄效应”的机制尚不清楚，但神经发育可能促成了不同年龄间力量的增加。
