Stanwicks Lauren L, Hamel Amanda F, Novak Melinda A
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA. 01003.
Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2017 Dec;197:62-67. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a pathology observed in both humans and animals. In humans, SIB has been linked to various mental health conditions that are also associated with significant sleep disruption. In rhesus macaques, SIB consists of self-directed biting which can range from mild skin abrasions to wounds requiring veterinary care. However, only one study suggests possible sleep disruption in macaques with SIB. We evaluated sleep disruption using a noninvasive system (infra-red camera and a video surveillance program) which created videos for every movement over the nighttime hours. Nighttime activity was examined in 13 macaques (three females) of which six were classified as having SIB (one female). Each monkey was studied for a total of 6 nights spanning a period of 4 months. Measures included total movement time (TMT), time moving in the first hour (HR1), time moving in the last hour (HR11), and number of videos <10 secs, ≥10 secs, and ≥30 secs in length. Overall, SIB monkeys had higher TMT (p < 0.01), higher HR1 (p<0.001), and generated more videos ≥10 secs (p < 0.01) and ≥30 secs (p < 0.01). Thus, SIB monkeys showed significant sleep disruption. A four-fold difference between SIB and control monkeys in the ≥30 secs videos revealed many more significant awakenings in the SIB group. Overall higher nighttime activity, in the first hour but not in the last hour, is consistent with sleep-onset insomnia in humans. Whether increased nighttime activity contributes to the SIB condition during the day or, conversely, SIB causes higher nighttime activity remains undetermined.
自我伤害行为（SIB）是在人类和动物中都观察到的一种病理现象。在人类中，SIB与各种心理健康状况有关，而这些状况也与严重的睡眠中断有关。在恒河猴中，SIB表现为自我导向的咬伤，范围从轻微的皮肤擦伤至需要兽医护理的伤口。然而，仅有一项研究表明患有SIB的猕猴可能存在睡眠中断。我们使用一种非侵入性系统（红外摄像机和视频监控程序）评估睡眠中断情况，该系统会在夜间为每一个动作生成视频。对13只猕猴（3只雌性）的夜间活动进行了检查，其中6只被归类为患有SIB（1只雌性）。每只猴子共研究6个晚上，为期4个月。测量指标包括总活动时间（TMT）、第一个小时内的活动时间（HR1）、最后一个小时内的活动时间（HR11），以及时长<10秒、≥10秒和≥30秒的视频数量。总体而言，患有SIB的猴子TMT更高（p<0.01），HR1更高（p<0.001），并且生成了更多时长≥10秒（p<0.01）和≥30秒（p<0.01）的视频。因此，患有SIB的猴子表现出明显的睡眠中断。在时长≥30秒的视频中，患有SIB的猴子与对照猴子之间存在四倍的差异，这表明SIB组中有更多明显的觉醒。总体而言，较高的夜间活动出现在第一个小时而非最后一个小时，这与人类的入睡性失眠一致。夜间活动增加是导致白天出现SIB状况，还是相反，SIB导致更高的夜间活动，目前尚不确定。
