Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Apr;235:121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.037. Epub 2017 Dec 23.
Phenolic compounds widely exist in the surface water of many countries; however, few studies have simultaneously analyzed and evaluated broad-spectrum phenolic compounds in various components of the water environment. Therefore this study analyzed the distribution and potential ecological risk of 50 phenolic compounds in the surface water, sediment and suspended particulate matter of three important rivers in Tianjin, the main heavy industry city with high pollution in China. The qualitative results show that phenolic pollution existed extensively in the three rivers and the kinds of phenolic compounds in the water were relatively higher than in both sediment and suspended particulate matter. The quantitative results show that the phenolic pollution in the wet-season samples was serious than dry-season samples. Meanwhile, total concentrations of phenolic compounds in three components from the Dagu Drainage River (DDR) were all much higher than those in the Beitang Drainage River (BDR) and Yongdingxin River (YDXR). The highest total concentrations of phenolic compounds in three components all appeared in wet-season samples in DDR, and the highest total concentration was 1354 μg/L in surface water, 719 μg/kg dw in suspended particulate matter and 2937 μg/kg dw in sediment, respectively. The ecological risk of phenolic compounds in surface water was evaluated using the quotient method, and phenolic compounds with risk quotient (RQ) > 1 (RQ > 0.3 for YDXR) were identified as priority pollutants. Five kinds of phenolic compounds were identified as priority phenolic compounds in BDR, and the order of risk was 2-cresol > 2,4-xylenol > 2-sec-butylphenol > 2-naphthol > 3-cresol. Six kinds of phenolic compounds were identified as priority phenolic compounds in DDR, and the order of risk was 2-naphthol > p-chloro-m-xylenol > 4-cresol > 3-cresol > 2,4-xylenol > 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol. In YDXR, only phenol, 2-naphthol and 2,4-xylenol were identified as priority phenolic compounds.
酚类化合物广泛存在于许多国家的地表水；然而，很少有研究同时分析和评估水环境中各种成分中的广谱酚类化合物。因此，本研究分析了中国污染严重的主要重工业城市天津的三条重要河流的地表水、沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中 50 种酚类化合物的分布和潜在生态风险。定性结果表明，三条河流广泛存在酚类污染，水中酚类化合物的种类相对高于沉积物和悬浮颗粒物。定量结果表明，雨季样品的酚类污染比旱季样品严重。同时，大沽排水河（DDR）三种成分中的酚类化合物总量均明显高于北塘排水河（BDR）和永定新河（YDXR）。三种成分中酚类化合物总量最高的均出现在 DDR 的雨季样品中，分别为地表水中 1354μg/L、悬浮颗粒物中 719μg/kg dw 和沉积物中 2937μg/kg dw。采用商数法评价地表水酚类化合物的生态风险，识别出风险商数（RQ）>1（YDXR 中 RQ>0.3）的酚类化合物为优先污染物。BDR 中有 5 种酚类化合物被鉴定为优先酚类化合物，风险顺序为 2-甲酚 > 2,4-二甲酚 > 2-仲丁基酚 > 2-萘酚 > 3-甲酚。DDR 中有 6 种酚类化合物被鉴定为优先酚类化合物，风险顺序为 2-萘酚 > p-氯间甲酚 > 4-甲酚 > 3-甲酚 > 2,4-二甲酚 > 2,3,6-三甲基酚。YDXR 中，只有苯酚、2-萘酚和 2,4-二甲酚被鉴定为优先酚类化合物。
