Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Feb;26(2):324-331. doi: 10.1002/oby.22087. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Different amounts of dietary protein during overfeeding produced similar fat gain but different amounts of gain in fat-free body mass. Protein and energy intake may have differential effects on amino acids during overfeeding.
Twenty-three healthy adult men and women were overfed by 40% for 8 weeks with 5%, 15%, or 25% protein diets. Plasma amino acids were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry at baseline and week 8. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, fat cell size (FCS) from subcutaneous fat biopsies, and insulin resistance by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.
The following three amino acid patterns were seen: increasing concentration of five essential and three nonessential amino acids with increasing protein intake, higher levels of six nonessential amino acids with the low-protein diet, and a pattern that was flat or "V" shaped. Dietary fat and protein were both correlated with changes in valine, leucine/isoleucine/norleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, but energy intake was not. The change in fat mass and weight was related to the change in several amino acids. Baseline FCS and the interaction between glucose disposal and FCS were associated with changes in several amino acids during overfeeding.
Overfeeding dietary protein affects the levels of both essential and nonessential amino acids.
在过量喂养期间，不同量的膳食蛋白质产生相似的脂肪增加，但不同量的去脂体重增加。蛋白质和能量摄入在过量喂养期间可能对氨基酸有不同的影响。
23 名健康成年男女接受 40%的过量喂养 8 周，摄入 5%、15%或 25%蛋白质的饮食。在基线和第 8 周时通过气相色谱和质谱法测量血浆氨基酸。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量身体成分，通过皮下脂肪活检测量脂肪细胞大小（FCS），通过正葡萄糖高胰岛素钳夹测量胰岛素抵抗。
观察到以下三种氨基酸模式：随着蛋白质摄入量的增加，五种必需氨基酸和三种非必需氨基酸的浓度增加，低蛋白饮食中六种非必需氨基酸的水平较高，以及一种平坦或“V”形模式。膳食脂肪和蛋白质均与缬氨酸、亮氨酸/异亮氨酸/正亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的变化相关，但能量摄入不相关。脂肪量和体重的变化与几种氨基酸的变化相关。基线 FCS 和葡萄糖处置与 FCS 的相互作用与过量喂养期间几种氨基酸的变化相关。
过量喂养膳食蛋白质会影响必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的水平。
