University of Stavanger, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
University of Stavanger, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
Water Res. 2018 Mar 15;131:151-160. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.034. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
The potential for resource recovery from wastewater can be evaluated based on a detailed characterisation of wastewater. In this paper, results from fractionation and characterisation of two distinct wastewaters are reported. Using tangential flow filtration, the wastewater was fractionated into 10 size fractions ranging from 1 kDa to 1 mm, wherein the chemical composition and biodegradability were determined. Carbohydrates were dominant in particulate size fractions larger than 100 μm, indicating a potential of cellulose recovery from these fractions. While the particulate size fractions between 0.65 and 100 μm show a potential as a source for biofuel production due to an abundance of saturated C16 and C18 lipids. Both wastewaters were dominated by particulate (>0.65 μm), and oligo- and monomeric (<1 kDa) COD. Polymeric (1-1000 kDa) and colloidal (1000 kDa-0.65 μm) fractions had a low COD content, expected due to degradation in the sewer system upstream of the wastewater treatment plant. Biodegradation rates of particulate fractions increase with decreasing size. However, this was not seen in polymeric fractions where degradation rate was governed by chemical composition. Analytical validation of molecular weight and particle size distribution showed below filter cut-off retention of particles and polymers close to nominal cut-off, shifting the actual size distribution.
可以根据废水的详细特征来评估从废水中回收资源的潜力。本文报告了两种不同废水的分级和特征化结果。使用切向流过滤，将废水分为 10 个尺寸级分，范围从 1 kDa 到 1 mm，其中测定了化学成分和生物降解性。大于 100 μm 的颗粒尺寸级分中以碳水化合物为主，表明这些级分中可能回收纤维素。而在 0.65 至 100 μm 之间的颗粒尺寸级分由于存在丰富的饱和 C16 和 C18 脂质，具有作为生物燃料生产来源的潜力。两种废水均以颗粒（>0.65 μm）和寡聚和单体（<1 kDa）COD 为主。高分子量（1-1000 kDa）和胶体（1000 kDa-0.65 μm）级分的 COD 含量较低，这是由于污水处理厂上游的下水道系统中的降解所致。颗粒级分的生物降解率随尺寸减小而增加。但是，在高分子量级分中并未观察到这种情况，其中降解速率受化学组成控制。分子量和颗粒尺寸分布的分析验证表明，接近名义截止值的颗粒和聚合物的过滤截止值以下保留，实际尺寸分布发生偏移。
