Felthous Alan R, Swanson Jeffrey
Dr. Felthous is Professor and Director of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO. Dr. Swanson is Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2017 Dec;45(4):478-484.
The U.S. Supreme Court's and decisions are the most important legal affirmations of the right of U.S. citizens to possess and bear firearms under the Second Amendment. and are also significant in citing persons with mental illness as an exceptional group, whose right may be restricted by the U.S. Government. From 1968 onward, federal and state governments have enacted legislation prohibiting gun ownership by persons with mental illness who have been involuntarily committed to an institution or deemed by a legal authority to be dangerous or mentally incompetent. The U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in its first decision () placed limitations on legislation that restricts persons with mental illness from owning firearms. In its second decision (), the appellate court reversed and remanded the case to the district court with instruction to apply "intermediate scrutiny" to determine whether this statute was constitutionally applied to appellant Charles Tyler, whose right to possess firearms was restricted in 1985 after a singular involuntary commitment during a transitory mental health crisis. Although it applies only to the Sixth Circuit, could have precedential influence on gun restrictions for persons with mental illness in other jurisdictions.
美国最高法院的[具体判决一]和[具体判决二]是对美国公民依据第二修正案持有和携带枪支权利最重要的法律肯定。[具体判决一]和[具体判决二]在将患有精神疾病的人列为特殊群体方面也具有重要意义，这类人的权利可能会受到美国政府的限制。自1968年起，联邦和州政府已颁布立法，禁止被非自愿送入机构或被法律当局认定为危险或无行为能力的患有精神疾病的人拥有枪支。美国第六巡回上诉法院在其首个[具体判决一]中，对限制患有精神疾病的人拥有枪支的立法设置了限制。在其第二个判决[具体判决二]中，上诉法院撤销原判并将案件发回地方法院，指示其适用“中等审查”，以确定该法规是否符合宪法地适用于上诉人查尔斯·泰勒，泰勒在1985年经历一次短暂心理健康危机期间非自愿入院后，其持有枪支的权利受到了限制。尽管它仅适用于第六巡回法院，但[具体判决二]可能会对其他司法管辖区针对患有精神疾病的人的枪支限制产生先例性影响。
